Last decade has witnessed a rapid development of the generation of terahertz (THz) vortex beams as well as their wide applications, mainly due to their unique combination characteristics of regular THz radiation and orbital angular momentum (OAM). Here we have reviewed the ways to generate THz vortex beams by two representative scenarios, i.e., THz wavefront modulation via specific devices, and direct excitation of the helicity of THz vortex beams. The former is similar to those wavefront engineering devices in the optical and infrared (IR) domain, but just with suitable THz materials, while the latter is newly-developed in THz regime and some of the physical mechanisms still have not been explained explicitly enough though, which would provide both challenges and opportunities for THz vortex beam generation. As for their applications, thanks to the recent development of THz optics and singular optics, THz vortex beams have potentials to open doors towards a myriad of practice a...

中文翻译：

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太赫兹涡旋光束的产生及其应用的最新进展

过去十年见证了太赫兹（THz）涡流光束的快速发展及其广泛应用，这主要是由于它们具有常规THz辐射和轨道角动量（OAM）的独特组合特性。在这里，我们回顾了通过两种代表性的场景生成THz涡旋光束的方法，即通过特定设备进行THz波前调制，以及直接激励THz涡旋光束的螺旋度。前者与光学和红外（IR）领域中的那些波前工程设备相似，但仅使用合适的太赫兹材料，而后者是在太赫兹范围内新开发的，尽管其中一些物理机理仍未得到足够明确的解释。 ，这将为太赫兹涡流束的产生提供挑战和机遇。至于他们的应用