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Microbiomes From Biorepositories? 16S rRNA Bacterial Amplicon Sequencing of Archived and Contemporary Intestinal Samples of Wild Mammals (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae)
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 , DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.555386
Stephen E. Greiman , Joseph A. Cook , Timothy Odom , Katelyn Cranmer , Schuyler W. Liphardt , Damian M. Menning , Sarah A. Sonsthagen , Sandra L. Talbot

Interest in gut microbial community composition has exploded recently as a result of the increasing ability to characterize these organisms and a growing understanding of their role in host fitness. New technologies, such as next generation amplicon (16S rRNA) sequencing, have enabled identification of bacterial communities from samples of diverse origin (e.g., fecal, skin, genital, environmental, etc.). Relatively little work, however, has explored the feasibility of utilizing historical samples (e.g., museum archived samples) of varying age, quality, and preservation type. Because natural history collections span multiple decades, these biorepositories have the potential to provide fundamental historical baselines to measure and better understand biodiversity on a changing planet. Utilizing even a small proportion of museum specimens could provide a means of sampling past microbial communities, allowing for direct comparison to contemporary communities and more complete understanding of dynamic shifts through time. We examined the feasibility of obtaining 16S rRNA amplicon microbiome data from whole gastrointestinal tracts (GIs) of shrews of varying age and preservation method, including 5 freshly collected shrew GIs immediately fixed in liquid nitrogen (LN2), 10 ten-year old shrew GIs frozen at −20°C (whole animal), and 10 shrews of varying ages (4 from 1968, 1 from 1980, 1 from 2001, 1 from 2004, 1 from 2007, 1 from 2011 and 2 from 2013) fixed and stored whole in 70% ethanol. Not surprisingly, results of 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing reveal significantly different bacterial communities between different preservation techniques and age of samples. Ten-year old frozen samples had bacterial communities most similar to freshly collected (LN2) samples, while the bacterial communities of both were significantly different from the 70% ethanol preserved samples of various ages. Amongst those preserved in 70% ethanol, age of samples also influenced bacterial community composition. Additionally, we compare results of OTU based and ASV based analyses. Looking ahead, field collectors and museums should develop and adopt best practices related to frozen preservation to ensure adequate material for future microbiome investigations.

中文翻译:

来自生物储存库的微生物组?野生哺乳动物存档和当代肠道样本的 16S rRNA 细菌扩增子测序 (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae)

由于表征这些生物体的能力不断增强,以及对它们在宿主健康中的作用的日益了解,人们对肠道微生物群落组成的兴趣最近激增。新技术,例如下一代扩增子 (16S rRNA) 测序,已经能够从不同来源(例如粪便、皮肤、生殖器、环境等)的样本中识别细菌群落。然而,探索利用不同年代、质量和保存类型的历史样本(例如,博物馆存档样本)的可行性的工作相对较少。由于自然历史收藏跨越数十年,这些生物库有可能提供基本的历史基线,以衡量和更好地了解不断变化的星球上的生物多样性。即使利用一小部分博物馆标本也可以提供一种对过去微生物群落进行采样的方法,从而可以直接与当代群落进行比较,并更全面地了解随着时间的推移动态变化。我们研究了从不同年龄和保存方法的鼩鼱的整个胃肠道 (GIs) 中获取 16S rRNA 扩增子微生物组数据的可行性,包括 5 只新鲜收集的鼩鼱GIs 立即固定在液氮 (LN2) 中,10 只十年龄的鼩鼱GIs -20°C(整只动物)和 10 只不同年龄的鼩鼱(1968 年 4 只,1980 年 1 只,2001 年 1 只,2004 年 1 只,2007 年 1 只,2011 年 1 只,2013 年 2 只)整只70% 乙醇。不出所料,16S rDNA 扩增子测序结果显示,不同保存技术和样品年龄之间的细菌群落存在显着差异。十年前的冷冻样品的细菌群落与新鲜收集的 (LN2) 样品最相似,而两者的细菌群落与不同年龄的 70% 乙醇保存的样品有显着差异。在保存在 70% 乙醇中的样品中,样品的年龄也影响细菌群落组成。此外,我们比较了基于 OTU 和基于 ASV 的分析的结果。展望未来,现场收藏家和博物馆应制定并采用与冷冻保存相关的最佳做法,以确保为未来的微生物组调查提供足够的材料。十年前的冷冻样品的细菌群落与新鲜收集的 (LN2) 样品最相似,而两者的细菌群落与不同年龄的 70% 乙醇保存的样品有显着差异。在保存在 70% 乙醇中的样品中,样品的年龄也影响细菌群落组成。此外,我们比较了基于 OTU 和基于 ASV 的分析的结果。展望未来,现场收藏家和博物馆应制定并采用与冷冻保存相关的最佳做法,以确保为未来的微生物组调查提供足够的材料。十年前的冷冻样品的细菌群落与新鲜收集的 (LN2) 样品最相似,而两者的细菌群落与不同年龄的 70% 乙醇保存的样品有显着差异。在保存在 70% 乙醇中的样品中,样品的年龄也影响细菌群落组成。此外,我们比较了基于 OTU 和基于 ASV 的分析的结果。展望未来,现场收藏家和博物馆应制定并采用与冷冻保存相关的最佳实践,以确保为未来的微生物组调查提供足够的材料。我们比较了基于 OTU 和基于 ASV 的分析结果。展望未来,现场收藏家和博物馆应制定并采用与冷冻保存相关的最佳做法,以确保为未来的微生物组调查提供足够的材料。我们比较了基于 OTU 和基于 ASV 的分析结果。展望未来,现场收藏家和博物馆应制定并采用与冷冻保存相关的最佳做法,以确保为未来的微生物组调查提供足够的材料。
更新日期:2020-09-10
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