ABSTRACT This paper communicates new results on fire aided limnosilicte mining in a Hungarian paleolithic site. The beneficial effect of temperature on material fragmentation and chipping was proved by laboratory experiments, with samples fired at 260°C and 360°C. Mineralogical transformations which lead to fragmentation are triggered by heating and were characterized by analytical methods in detail. The raw material is nanocrystalline quartz dominant silicolite with amorphous silica, moganite and traces of goethite and tridymite, identical to length-fast chalcedony. X-ray diffraction revealed the recrystallization of amorphous silica into quartz, accompanied by H2O loss measured by thermogravimetry. Using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, both H2O and OH content, their loss by heating and recrystallization was evidenced. Scanning electron microscopy on chipped surfaces revealed the disappearance of the fibrous texture, promoting the knappability of the material. The main factors influencing fire-aided mining and/or processing were identified as H2O pressure, amorphous silica crystallization as a result of H2O and OH removal from the silanol groups and change in quartz crystallite morphology.

中文翻译：

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Avas-Tűzköves（匈牙利东北部米什科尔茨）旧石器时代硅源地火助石灰岩采矿的考古学

摘要 本文介绍了匈牙利旧石器时代遗址中火助石灰岩开采的新结果。实验室实验证明了温度对材料碎裂和碎裂的有益影响，样品在 260°C 和 360°C 下烧制。导致碎裂的矿物学转变是由加热触发的，并通过详细的分析方法进行表征。原料是纳米晶石英占主导地位的硅沸石，含有无定形二氧化硅、莫干石和微量针铁矿和鳞石英，与长快玉髓相同。X 射线衍射显示无定形二氧化硅重结晶为石英，同时伴随着热重法测量的 H2O 损失。使用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱，H2O 和 OH 含量，通过加热和重结晶证明了它们的损失。切片表面的扫描电子显微镜显示纤维质地消失，提高了材料的可粘合性。影响火辅助开采和/或加工的主要因素被确定为 H2O 压力、由于 H2O 和 OH 从硅烷醇基团中去除导致的无定形二氧化硅结晶以及石英微晶形态的变化。