ABSTRACT

This review article traces the immunohistochemistry ancestry of cytotoxins as antibodies. The immunohistochemistry success, as a diagnostic and research test, stood on the shoulders of negative and positive experimentation results with cytotoxins from the first half of the twentieth century. This is when experimental immunologists came with the understanding of the need for both antigen and antibody purification to achieve specificity of the immunological reaction. Simultaneously, protocols were developed, which involved injecting antigenic material into experimental animals. During this time, reliable methods for evaluation of antiserum strength or titer were established. The evolution of antigen preparation for immunofluorescence is presented here as one of the transitional steps to modern immunohistochemistry. This work paved the way for the development of the monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies methodology. The article is written from the author’s perspective as an experimental immunologist and a hands-on participant during many steps of development in modern morphological laboratory diagnostics. Knowledge of the roots of immunohistochemistry is useful for laboratory professionals in appreciation of predecessors’ contributions. Familiarity with history of experimental immunology would be beneficial for understanding the methodological principles of their current work as well as future development prospects.

摘要

这篇综述文章追溯了细胞毒素作为抗体的免疫组织化学血统。作为一种诊断和研究测试，免疫组织化学的成功站在了二十世纪上半叶细胞毒素的阴性和阳性实验结果的肩膀上。这时，实验免疫学家开始认识到需要同时纯化抗原和抗体以实现免疫反应的特异性。同时，制定了将抗原材料注射到实验动物体内的方案。在此期间，建立了评估抗血清强度或效价的可靠方法。这里介绍了免疫荧光抗原制备的演变，作为现代免疫组织化学的过渡步骤之一。这项工作为开发单克隆和多克隆抗体方法铺平了道路。这篇文章是从作者作为实验免疫学家的角度撰写的，并且是现代形态学实验室诊断发展的许多步骤中的实践参与者。了解免疫组织化学的根源对于实验室专业人员在赞赏前人的贡献方面很有用。熟悉实验免疫学的历史将有助于了解他们当前工作的方法学原理以及未来的发展前景。这篇文章是从作者作为实验免疫学家的角度撰写的，并且是现代形态学实验室诊断发展的许多步骤中的实践参与者。了解免疫组织化学的根源对于实验室专业人员在赞赏前人的贡献方面很有用。熟悉实验免疫学的历史将有助于了解他们当前工作的方法学原理以及未来的发展前景。这篇文章是从作者作为实验免疫学家的角度撰写的，并且是现代形态学实验室诊断发展的许多步骤中的实践参与者。了解免疫组织化学的根源对于实验室专业人员在赞赏前人的贡献方面很有用。熟悉实验免疫学的历史将有助于了解他们当前工作的方法学原理以及未来的发展前景。