Aflatoxin contamination in corn (Zea mays L.) grain negatively affects human and animal health. This research was conducted to determine if interactions among cultural practices influence aflatoxin accumulation on inoculated and naturally infested corn. Season‐long irrigation thresholds (full irrigation at −50 kPa vs. deficit irrigation at −125 kPa), planting date (late March vs. late April), and hybrid selection (conventional short‐season, drought‐tolerant full‐season, or conventional full‐season) were evaluated for their influence on aflatoxin accumulation. Experiments were conducted on a Marietta fine sandy loam and a Leeper silty clay loam near Starkville and Verona, MS, in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Needle‐inoculated and noninoculated ears were harvested from each plot. Noninoculated samples indicated that year (p = .0013) and planting date × hybrid type interaction (p = .0263) affected aflatoxin accumulation. The first year of the study produced greater average aflatoxin levels than the second year due to hotter and drier growing conditions for noninoculated samples. Pooled over years, planting later only affected conventional short‐season hybrids, increasing aflatoxin levels by 77% in naturally infested corn. Inoculated samples were affected by a year × planting date interaction (p = .0044) and a planting date × hybrid type interaction (p = .0032). Planting in March 2016 increased aflatoxin more than threefold compared with planting in April, whereas there was no difference between planting date in 2017. Overall, year, planting date, and hybrid type affected aflatoxin levels.

中文翻译：

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美国中南部的文化习俗影响玉米中的黄曲霉毒素积累

玉米中的黄曲霉毒素污染（玉米）L.）谷物会对人类和动物健康产生负面影响。进行这项研究来确定文化习俗之间的相互作用是否影响接种和自然感染玉米的黄曲霉毒素积累。整个季节的灌溉阈值（在-50 kPa时进行完全灌溉，而在-125 kPa时进行亏缺灌溉），播种日期（3月下旬对4月下旬）和杂交选择（常规短季节，耐旱的全季节或常规的全季）对黄曲霉毒素积累的影响进行了评估。分别于2016年和2017年在密西根州斯塔克维尔和维罗纳附近的Marietta细砂质壤土和Leeper粉质粘土壤土上进行了实验。从每个样地中收获针头接种和未接种的耳朵。未接种样品表明该年（p = .0013）和播种日期×杂种类型相互作用（p  = .0263）影响了黄曲霉毒素的积累。研究的第一年比第二年产生了更高的平均黄曲霉毒素水平，这是因为未接种样品的生长条件更干燥更干燥。经过多年的汇集，后来的播种只影响了常规的短季节杂交种，自然受害的玉米中的黄曲霉毒素含量提高了77％。接种样品受到一年×播种日期相互作用（p  = .0044）和播种日期×杂种类型相互作用（p = .0032）。与4月相比，2016年3月播种的黄曲霉毒素含量增加了三倍，而2017年播种日期之间没有差异。总体而言，年份，播种日期和杂种类型影响黄曲霉毒素的含量。