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Epilepsy-associated neurocognitive disorders (EAND) in an onchocerciasis-endemic rural community in Cameroon: A population-based case–control study
Epilepsy & Behavior ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107437
Alfred K Njamnshi 1 , Eric-Samuel Chokote 1 , Leonard Ngarka 1 , Leonard N Nfor 1 , Earnest N Tabah 2 , Jonas G Basseguin Atchou 1 , Samuel A Angwafor 3 , Cyrille Nkouonlack 4 , Michel K Mengnjo 1 , Wepnyu Y Njamnshi 5 , Fidèle Dema 6 , Godwin Y Tatah 7 , Anne-Cecile Zoung-KanyiBissek 8 , Jean-Marie Annoni 9 , Nicolas Ruffieux 10
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Epilepsy affects at least 50 million individuals worldwide, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). Cognitive impairment is common in people with epilepsy (PWE) yet, little is known on the burden of cognitive impairment in people with epilepsy in sSA. This study was thus designed to assess cognitive impairment in PWE or epilepsy-associated neurocognitive disorders (EAND) in a rural population in Cameroon. METHODS This was a case-control study including PWE and age/sex-matched healthy controls from July to September 2017 in Bilomo, a village in the Mbam and Kim Division. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS), Dubois' Five Word testing, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Isaac's Set Test and the Clock drawing test were administered to the study participants to evaluate global and specific cognitive functions. RESULTS Eighty participants were included (40 cases and 40 controls) with a mean age of 25.78 years. Using the MoCA, 87.5% of cases had cognitive impairment, against 37.5% of controls (p < 0.001; OR 11.67; CI 3.40-45.09). Using the IHDS, the prevalence of global cognitive impairment was 84.6% among the cases against 40% for the controls (p = <0.001; OR 7.07; CI 2.29-29.19). Specifically, executive function deficits (92.5% of cases vs 40.0% of controls p = <0.001 OR = 18.50 CI; 4.48-105.08) and decreased verbal fluency (100% of cases against 45% of controls p < 0.001) were the most affected cognitive domains. Longer duration of epilepsy and higher seizure frequency were associated with global cognitive impairment. Low level of education was associated with both decreased verbal fluency and executive dysfunction while a longer stay in Bilomo correlated with poor results on the Isaac's Set Test. CONCLUSION The prevalence of cognitive impairment appears to be much higher in PWE in the Mbam valley, particularly decreased executive function and verbal fluency, than in people without epilepsy. Longer disease duration, higher seizure frequency, low level of education and length of stay in Bilomo are associated with poorer cognitive performance. More studies are needed to refine evaluation tools to better characterize and manage EAND in sSA.

中文翻译:

喀麦隆盘尾丝虫病流行农村社区的癫痫相关神经认知障碍 (EAND):一项基于人群的病例对照研究

背景癫痫影响全世界至少5000万人,特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲(sSA)。认知障碍在癫痫 (PWE) 患者中很常见,但对 sSA 癫痫患者的认知障碍负担知之甚少。因此,本研究旨在评估喀麦隆农村人口的 PWE 或癫痫相关神经认知障碍 (EAND) 的认知障碍。方法 这是一项病例对照研究,包括 PWE 和年龄/性别匹配的健康对照,于 2017 年 7 月至 9 月在 Mbam 和 Kim 区的一个村庄 Bilomo 进行。蒙特利尔认知评估 (MoCA)、国际 HIV 痴呆量表 (IHDS)、杜波依斯的五字测试、额叶评估电池 (FAB)、艾萨克 对研究参与者进行了集合测试和时钟绘图测试,以评估整体和特定的认知功能。结果 包括 80 名参与者(40 名病例和 40 名对照者),平均年龄为 25.78 岁。使用 MoCA,87.5% 的病例有认知障碍,而对照组为 37.5%(p < 0.001;OR 11.67;CI 3.40-45.09)。使用 IHDS,病例中整体认知障碍的患病率为 84.6%,而对照组为 40%(p = <0.001;OR 7.07;CI 2.29-29.19)。具体而言,执行功能缺陷(92.5% 的病例 vs 40.0% 的对照组 p = <0.001 OR = 18.50 CI;4.48-105.08)和语言流畅性下降(100% 的病例 vs 45% 的对照组 p < 0.001)受影响最大认知领域。更长的癫痫病程和更高的癫痫发作频率与整体认知障碍有关。教育水平低与语言流畅性下降和执行功能障碍有关,而在 Bilomo 逗留时间越长,艾萨克集合测试的结果就越差。结论 在 Mbam 山谷的 PWE 中,认知障碍的患病率似乎要高得多,尤其是执行功能和语言流畅性下降,而不是没有癫痫的人。较长的病程、较高的癫痫发作频率、较低的教育水平和在 Bilomo 的停留时间与较差的认知能力有关。需要更多的研究来完善评估工具,以更好地表征和管理 sSA 中的 EAND。教育水平低与语言流畅度下降和执行功能障碍有关,而在 Bilomo 停留的时间越长,艾萨克集合测试的结果就越差。结论 在 Mbam 山谷的 PWE 中,认知障碍的患病率似乎要高得多,尤其是执行功能和语言流畅性下降,而不是没有癫痫的人。较长的病程、较高的癫痫发作频率、较低的教育水平和在 Bilomo 的停留时间与较差的认知能力有关。需要更多的研究来完善评估工具,以更好地表征和管理 sSA 中的 EAND。教育水平低与语言流畅度下降和执行功能障碍有关,而在 Bilomo 停留的时间越长,艾萨克集合测试的结果就越差。结论 在 Mbam 山谷的 PWE 中,认知障碍的患病率似乎要高得多,尤其是执行功能和语言流畅性下降,而不是没有癫痫的人。较长的病程、较高的癫痫发作频率、较低的教育水平和在 Bilomo 的停留时间与较差的认知能力有关。需要更多的研究来完善评估工具,以更好地表征和管理 sSA 中的 EAND。与没有癫痫症的人相比,执行功能和语言流畅度尤其下降。更长的病程、更高的癫痫发作频率、低教育水平和在比洛莫停留的时间长与较差的认知能力有关。需要更多的研究来完善评估工具,以更好地表征和管理 sSA 中的 EAND。与没有癫痫症的人相比,执行功能和语言流畅度尤其下降。更长的病程、更高的癫痫发作频率、低教育水平和在比洛莫停留的时间长与较差的认知能力有关。需要更多的研究来完善评估工具,以更好地表征和管理 sSA 中的 EAND。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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