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Rapid recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries using microwave route
Process Safety and Environmental Protection ( IF 7.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2020.09.012
Sanjay Pindar , Nikhil Dhawan

Abstract The discarded lithium-ion batteries containing valuable metals and graphite are excellent resources in the context of urban mining. In the present study, electrode sheets of mixed spent lithium-ion batteries were crushed, sieved, followed by froth flotation for physical separation of graphite values. The current study investigates the carbothermal reduction of the active cathode material in a microwave furnace under ambient conditions using recovered graphite. The microwave response of "as such" active material (mixed anode and cathode), and "separated" active cathode material at 800 W, 2.5 GHz, was compared. The magnetic product at the optimum condition (850 °C, 30 % C, 10 min) consists of 73% Co, 13% Mn, 6% Ni, 8% O and saturation magnetization of 108 emu/g, and lithium extraction rate: 93%. Higher recovery of metal and graphite values are obtained by processing of "separated" cathode material compared to "as such" active materials. The effect of microwave treatment was found successful for metal dissolution in the hydrometallurgical route also. The average activation energy is 72 and 94 kJ/mol for "separated" and "as such" active materials, respectively. The cost calculations show that the process is economical.

中文翻译:

利用微波途径快速回收废旧锂离子电池

摘要 废弃的含有贵金属和石墨的锂离子电池是城市矿山开采的极好资源。在本研究中,混合废锂离子电池的电极片被粉碎、筛分,然后泡沫浮选以物理分离石墨值。目前的研究调查了在环境条件下使用回收石墨在微波炉中对活性阴极材料进行碳热还原。比较了“原样”活性材料(混合阳极和阴极)和“分离”活性阴极材料在 800 W、2.5 GHz 下的微波响应。最佳条件(850℃,30%C,10min)的磁性产品由73%Co、13%Mn、6%Ni、8%O组成,饱和磁化强度为108emu/g,锂提取率: 93%。与“原样”活性材料相比,通过处理“分离的”阴极材料可以获得更高的金属和石墨值回收率。在湿法冶金路线中,微波处理对金属溶解的效果也被发现是成功的。“分离”和“原样”活性材料的平均活化能分别为 72 和 94 kJ/mol。成本计算表明该过程是经济的。
更新日期:2021-03-01
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