Abstract As reserves of conventional light oil become depleted, recovery of viscous oil is urgently needed to meet increasing energy demands worldwide before clean energy sources are fully developed. Current oil extraction technologies suffer from low efficiency, high cost, and environmental concerns. Attempts to use nanotechnology in this field have thus far been recognized to have only auxiliary effects, rather than playing a major role. Here we report a reactive sodium nanoparticle fluid able to in situ recover highly viscous crude oil very effectively even at room temperature. Its high recovery performance is based on a chemical reaction that allows the nanofluid to exhibit multiple benefits in displacing subsurface oil: heat, hydrogen gas, and sodium hydroxide. In addition, multi-stage nanofluid injection is found to be superior to a single injection mode. Thus, it opens a new way to extract and process crude oil.

中文翻译：

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用于重油提取的钠纳米颗粒的合成

摘要 随着常规轻油储量逐渐枯竭，在清洁能源得到充分开发之前，迫切需要对粘性油进行回收以满足全球日益增长的能源需求。当前的石油提取技术存在效率低、成本高和环境问题。迄今为止，人们认为在该领域使用纳米技术的尝试仅具有辅助作用，而不是起主要作用。在这里，我们报告了一种反应性钠纳米粒子流体，即使在室温下也能非常有效地原位回收高粘度原油。其高采收性能基于化学反应，使纳米流体在驱替地下石油方面表现出多种优势：热量、氢气和氢氧化钠。此外，发现多级纳米流体注射优于单次注射模式。因此，它开辟了一种提取和加工原油的新途径。