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Keratocyte mechanobiology.
Experimental Eye Research ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 , DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108228
W Matthew Petroll 1 , Victor D Varner 2 , David W Schmidtke 2
Affiliation  

In vivo, corneal keratocytes reside within a complex 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) consisting of highly aligned collagen lamellae, growth factors, and other extracellular matrix components, and are subjected to various mechanical stimuli during developmental morphogenesis, fluctuations in intraocular pressure, and wound healing. The process by which keratocytes convert changes in mechanical stimuli (e.g. local topography, applied force, ECM stiffness) into biochemical signaling is known as mechanotransduction. Activation of the various mechanotransductive pathways can produce changes in cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Here we review how corneal keratocytes respond to and integrate different biochemical and biophysical factors. We first highlight how growth factors and other cytokines regulate the activity of Rho GTPases, cytoskeletal remodeling, and ultimately the mechanical phenotype of keratocytes. We then discuss how changes in the mechanical properties of the ECM have been shown to regulate keratocyte behavior in sophisticated 2D and 3D experimental models of the corneal microenvironment. Finally, we discuss how ECM topography and protein composition can modulate cell phenotypes, and review the different methods of fabricating in vitro mimics of corneal ECM topography, novel approaches for examining topographical effects in vivo, and the impact of different ECM glycoproteins and proteoglycans on keratocyte behavior.



中文翻译:

角质细胞力学生物学。

在体内,角膜角膜细胞位于复杂的 3D 细胞外基质 (ECM) 中,该基质由高度排列的胶原薄片、生长因子和其他细胞外基质成分组成,并在发育形态发生、眼内压波动和伤口愈合过程中受到各种机械刺激. 角膜细胞将机械刺激(例如局部地形、施加的力、ECM 硬度)的变化转化为生化信号的过程称为机械转导。各种机械转导途径的激活可以产生细胞迁移、增殖和分化的变化。在这里,我们回顾了角膜角膜细胞如何响应和整合不同的生化和生物物理因素。我们首先强调生长因子和其他细胞因子如何调节 Rho GTPases 的活性,细胞骨架重塑,最终导致角膜细胞的机械表型。然后,我们讨论了在复杂的 2D 和 3D 角膜微环境实验模型中,ECM 的机械特性的变化如何被证明可以调节角膜细胞行为。最后,我们讨论了 ECM 地形和蛋白质组成如何调节细胞表型,并回顾了制造角膜 ECM 地形体外模拟物的不同方法、检查体内地形效应的新方法,以及不同 ECM 糖蛋白和蛋白聚糖对角膜细胞的影响行为。然后,我们讨论了在复杂的 2D 和 3D 角膜微环境实验模型中,ECM 的机械特性的变化如何被证明可以调节角膜细胞行为。最后,我们讨论了 ECM 地形和蛋白质组成如何调节细胞表型,并回顾了制造角膜 ECM 地形体外模拟物的不同方法、检查体内地形效应的新方法,以及不同 ECM 糖蛋白和蛋白聚糖对角膜细胞的影响行为。然后,我们讨论了在复杂的 2D 和 3D 角膜微环境实验模型中,ECM 的机械特性的变化如何被证明可以调节角膜细胞行为。最后,我们讨论了 ECM 地形和蛋白质组成如何调节细胞表型,并回顾了制造角膜 ECM 地形体外模拟物的不同方法、检查体内地形效应的新方法,以及不同 ECM 糖蛋白和蛋白聚糖对角膜细胞的影响行为。

更新日期:2020-09-23
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