Nanomaterials (NMs) have significant technological advantages due to their unique properties but their release into the environment also carry potential eco-toxicological risks. Cu₂O NMs have numerous industrial and commercial applications, however less is known about the risks to human health and ecosystems. This study investigated different shapes of nano-Cu₂O (cubic and octahedron) with humic acid (HA: 2 mg/L and 10 mg/L) on the reproduction, growth, survival rate and Cu accumulation in the two-generations of Daphnia Magna species. Nano-Cu₂O cubic and octahedron shapes were analyzed by SEM, demonstrating {111} and {100} facets. The results indicated that octahedron has the more evident toxic effect than cubic shape for both generations. Continuous exposure to nano-Cu₂O exhibited negative effects on body length, cumulative neonates and Cu accumulation in filial generation F (1). Survival rate of Cu₂O octahedron was the least 66%, while Cu₂O cubic was 73% for parental generation F (0). In addition, HA showed a significant reduction in the toxicity of nano-Cu₂O for both generations, leading to an enhanced survival rate, body length and reproduction. This study provides insights of the long-term effect of different shapes of nano-Cu₂O in the existence of humic acid to the multi-generations ecosystem.

纳米材料（NMs）由于其独特的性能而具有显着的技术优势，但它们释放到环境中也具有潜在的生态毒理学风险。Cu ₂ O NMs具有众多的工业和商业应用，但是对人类健康和生态系统的风险知之甚少。这项研究调查了腐殖酸（HA：2 mg / L和10 mg / L）不同形态的纳米Cu ₂ O（立方和八面体）对两代水蚤的繁殖，生长，存活率和Cu积累的影响麦格纳种。纳米铜₂通过SEM分析了O立方和八面体形状，展示了{111}和{100}面。结果表明，对于两代而言，八面体的毒性作用都比立方形更为明显。连续暴露于纳米Cu ₂ O对子代F的体长，累积的新生儿和Cu积累表现出负面影响（1）。父母代F（0）的Cu ₂ O八面体的成活率最低为66％，而Cu ₂ O立方的成活率为73％。此外，HA对两代人的纳米Cu ₂ O毒性均显着降低，从而提高了存活率，体长和繁殖能力。这项研究提供了不同形状的纳米Cu ₂的长期影响的见解O在腐殖酸的存在下进入了多代生态系统。