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Achieving Sustainable Development Goal for Clean Water in India: Influence of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors on Groundwater Microbial Pollution
Environmental Management ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01358-6
Srimanti Duttagupta 1 , Abhijit Mukherjee 1, 2 , Soumendra Nath Bhanja 3 , Siddhartha Chattopadhyay 4 , Soumyajit Sarkar 1 , Kousik Das 1 , Swagata Chakraborty 2 , Debapriya Mondal 5
Affiliation  

Worldwide, >2 billion people (~1/3 world population), mostly living in economically stressed areas of Africa and South Asia, still do not have access to basic sanitation, and ~1 billion still practice open defecation. Water pollution due to open defecation may primarily be linked to economy, and other factors such as social and hygiene practices, land use and hydrogeological parameters could also have sufficient influence. The present study describes the effect of human development index (HDI, 2001–2015) and economic development (NL, 1992–2013) on groundwater microbial pollution (FC, 2002–2017) across India. Economic development pattern suggested discernable inverse relationship with FC in most areas, although areas with inferior water quality, improper human practices were found to outweigh economic development. Vulnerability modelling, using these data, along with measured FC in groundwater-sourced drinking water locations (n = 235) demonstrated the heterogeneity of FC distribution potential in areas of homogenous economy, social practices, and land use. High-resolution numerical modelling of the advective transport of the hypothetical FC particles in the aquifers, suggest up to ~24 times faster movement of pollutants under irrigation-induced pumping regimes. Hence, the results of our study highlight and quantify the potential pitfalls that are possible hindrance for achieving the United Nations sustainable development goal, despite social and economic development, across the spatial scales.

中文翻译:

在印度实现清洁水的可持续发展目标:自然和人为因素对地下水微生物污染的影响

在世界范围内,超过 20 亿人(约世界人口的 1/3),主要生活在非洲和南亚经济紧张的地区,仍然无法获得基本的卫生设施,约 10 亿人仍在露天排便。露天排便造成的水污染可能主要与经济有关,社会和卫生习惯、土地利用和水文地质参数等其他因素也可能产生足够的影响。本研究描述了人类发展指数(HDI,2001-2015)和经济发展(NL,1992-2013)对整个印度地下水微生物污染(FC,2002-2017)的影响。经济发展模式表明在大多数地区与 FC 存在明显的反比关系,尽管发现水质较差的地区,不当的人类行为超过了经济发展。漏洞建模,使用这些数据以及在地下水源饮用水位置(n = 235)测量的 FC 证明了同质经济、社会实践和土地利用领域中 FC 分布潜力的异质性。含水层中假设的 FC 颗粒的对流传输的高分辨率数值模拟表明,在灌溉诱导的抽水方式下,污染物的移动速度提高了约 24 倍。因此,我们的研究结果突出并量化了可能阻碍实现联合国可持续发展目标的潜在陷阱,尽管社会和经济发展,跨越空间尺度。社会实践和土地使用。含水层中假设的 FC 颗粒的对流传输的高分辨率数值模拟表明,在灌溉诱导的抽水方式下,污染物的移动速度提高了约 24 倍。因此,我们的研究结果突出并量化了可能阻碍实现联合国可持续发展目标的潜在陷阱,尽管社会和经济发展,跨越空间尺度。社会实践和土地使用。含水层中假设的 FC 颗粒的对流传输的高分辨率数值模拟表明,在灌溉诱导的抽水方式下,污染物的移动速度提高了约 24 倍。因此,我们的研究结果突出并量化了可能阻碍实现联合国可持续发展目标的潜在陷阱,尽管社会和经济发展,跨越空间尺度。
更新日期:2020-09-10
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