Abstract —Advances in nanotechnologies and artificial methods for the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles with sizes of 1–100 nm raise the issue of their biological safety. Nanoparticles with a size of less than 10 nm are capable of penetrating into the bloodstream, followed by their entry into various organs, such as the brain, liver, kidneys, lungs, and spleen. Nanoparticles are a pathogenic exogenous factor that disturbs the structure and functions of natural biomembranes. We have previously shown using in vitro studies that nanoparticles with a diameter below a critical value of R cr permeate the membrane. As a result, the microviscosity of the lipid bilayer of biomembranes decreases. This process is accompanied by the formation of through pores, which can combine into cracks and destroy the membrane. If the radius of the nanoparticles is greater than a critical value they are adsorbed on the membrane surface, thus increasing their microviscosity. In both cases, nanoparticles disrupt the normal functioning of natural biomembranes and cells. This paper presents a thermodynamic model of the direct (not due to endocytosis) penetration of nanoparticles into the lipid bilayer of the membrane. It has been shown that the R cr value increases with an increase in the Zeta potential of the nanoparticles.

中文翻译：

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金属氧化物纳米粒子与生物膜相互作用的机理

摘要 — 纳米技术和人工合成尺寸为 1-100 nm 的金属氧化物纳米粒子的进步提出了其生物安全性问题。尺寸小于 10 nm 的纳米颗粒能够渗透到血液中，然后进入各种器官，如大脑、肝脏、肾脏、肺和脾脏。纳米颗粒是一种致病性外源性因素，会扰乱天然生物膜的结构和功能。我们之前已经使用体外研究表明，直径低于 R cr 临界值的纳米颗粒可渗透膜。结果，生物膜脂质双层的微粘度降低。这个过程伴随着通孔的形成，通孔可以结合成裂缝并破坏膜。如果纳米颗粒的半径大于临界值，它们就会吸附在膜表面，从而增加它们的微粘度。在这两种情况下，纳米粒子都会破坏天然生物膜和细胞的正常功能。本文提出了纳米颗粒直接（不是由于内吞作用）渗透到膜的脂质双层中的热力学模型。已经表明，R cr 值随着纳米颗粒的 Zeta 电位的增加而增加。