Background/Aims To investigate the association between exposure to intraocular pressure (IOP)–lowering medications during pregnancy and neonatal adverse outcomes. Methods This retrospective, cohort study used the JMDC Claims Database (JMDC, Tokyo, Japan), 2005–2018. We extracted data on pregnant women with glaucoma, including dispensation of (1) any IOP-lowering medications, (2) only prostaglandin analogues (PGs) and 3) only beta-blockers, during the first trimester. We compared frequency of congenital anomalies (CA), preterm birth (PB), low birth weight (LBW) and the composite outcome of these three measures, between the women with and without IOP-lowering medications. We calculated propensity scores (PSs) using logistic regression in which use of IOP-lowering medications was regressed against known confounders (disorders during pregnancy and other chronic comorbidities). We then conducted logistic regression in which neonatal adverse outcomes were regressed against use of IOP-lowering medications with adjustment for the PS. Results We identified 826 eligible women, 91 (11%) of whom had received any IOP-lowering medications. CA occurred in 9.9% and 6.4%, PB in 2.2% and 4.5%, LBW in 9.9% and 6.0% and composite outcome in 17.6% and 13.3% of mothers with and without IOP-lowering medications, respectively. After adjustment for PS, IOP-lowering medications were not significantly associated with more frequent CA (adjusted OR (aOR), 1.43; 95% CI, 0.66 to 3.12), PB (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.10 to 1.97), LBW (aOR, 2.11; 95% CI, 0.98 to 4.57) or composite outcome (aOR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.78 to 2.53). Results were similar regarding PGs only and beta-blockers only. Conclusions IOP-lowering medications during the first trimester were not significantly associated with increase in CA, PB or LBW.

中文翻译：

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妊娠期降眼压药物和新生儿不良结局风险：使用大型数据库的倾向评分分析

背景/目的 调查妊娠期间暴露于降低眼压 (IOP) 的药物与新生儿不良结局之间的关系。方法 这项回顾性队列研究使用了 2005-2018 年的 JMDC 索赔数据库（JMDC，东京，日本）。我们提取了患有青光眼的孕妇的数据，包括在孕早期分配 (1) 任何降低眼压的药物，(2) 仅使用前列腺素类似物 (PG) 和 3) 仅使用 β 受体阻滞剂。我们比较了使用和未使用降低眼压药物的女性之间先天性异常 (CA)、早产 (PB)、低出生体重 (LBW) 的频率以及这三项指标的复合结果。我们使用逻辑回归计算了倾向评分 (PS)，其中降低眼压药物的使用与已知的混杂因素（怀孕期间的疾病和其他慢性合并症）进行了回归。然后，我们进行了逻辑回归，其中新生儿不良结果与使用降低眼压的药物进行了回归，并针对 PS 进行了调整。结果 我们确定了 826 名符合条件的女性，其中 91 名 (11%) 接受过任何降低眼压的药物。CA 发生率分别为 9.9% 和 6.4%，PB 发生率 2.2% 和 4.5%，LBW 发生率分别为 9.9% 和 6.0%，复合结局分别发生在 17.6% 和 13.3% 的母亲中，无论是否服用降眼压药物。调整 PS 后，降低眼压的药物与更频繁的 CA（调整后的 OR (aOR)，1.43；95% CI，0.66 至 3.12）、PB（aOR，0.45；95% CI，0.10 至 1.97）、 LBW (aOR, 2.11; 95% CI，0.98 至 4.57）或复合结局（aOR，1.40；95% CI，0.78 至 2.53）。仅 PG 和仅 β 受体阻滞剂的结果相似。结论 孕早期降低眼压的药物与 CA、PB 或 LBW 的增加没有显着相关性。