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Fear conditioning prompts sparser representations of conditioned threat in primary visual cortex.
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 , DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa122
Siyang Yin 1 , Ke Bo 1 , Yuelu Liu 2 , Nina Thigpen 3 , Andreas Keil 3 , Mingzhou Ding 1
Affiliation  

Abstract
Repeated exposure to threatening stimuli alters sensory responses. We investigated the underlying neural mechanism by re-analyzing previously published simultaneous electroencephalogram-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) data from humans viewing oriented gratings during Pavlovian fear conditioning. In acquisition, one grating (CS+) was paired with a noxious noise, the unconditioned stimulus (US). The other grating (CS-) was never paired with the US. In habituation, which preceded acquisition, and in extinction, the same two gratings were presented without US. Using fMRI multivoxel patterns in primary visual cortex during habituation as reference, we found that during acquisition, aversive learning selectively prompted systematic changes in multivoxel patterns evoked by CS+. Specifically, CS+ evoked voxel patterns in V1 became sparser as aversive learning progressed, and the sparsified pattern appeared to be preserved in extinction. Concomitant with the voxel pattern changes, occipital alpha oscillations were increasingly more desynchronized during CS+ (but not CS-) trials. Across acquisition trials, the rate of change in CS+-related alpha desynchronization was correlated with the rate of change in multivoxel pattern representations of CS+. Furthermore, alpha oscillations co-varied with blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) data in the ventral attention network, but not with BOLD in the amygdala. Thus, fear conditioning prompts persistent sparsification of voxel patterns evoked by threat, likely mediated by attention-related mechanisms


中文翻译:

恐惧调理提示初级视觉皮层中条件性威胁的稀疏表示。

摘要
反复接触威胁性刺激会改变感觉反应。我们通过重新分析先前发布的同步脑电图功能磁共振成像(EEG-fMRI)数据,研究了潜在的神经机制,这些数据来自在巴甫洛夫式恐惧调节过程中观察定向光栅的人类。在采集过程中,将一个光栅(CS +)与有害噪声配对,即无条件刺激(US)。另一个光栅(CS-)从未与美国配对。在习得之前的习性中,以及在灭绝中,出现了没有US的相同的两个光栅。使用惯性期间初级视觉皮层中的fMRI多体素模式作为参考,我们发现在获取过程中,厌恶性学习选择性地促使了CS +引起的多体素模式的系统变化。特别,随着厌恶性学习的发展,V1中CS +引起的体素模式变得稀疏,而稀疏的模式似乎在灭绝中得以保留。随着体素模式的变化,在CS +(但不是CS-)试验中,枕骨α振动越来越不同步。在整个获取试验中,与CS +相关的alpha不同步的变化率与CS +的多体素模式表示的变化率相关。此外,在腹侧注意网络中,α振荡与血氧水平依赖性(BOLD)数据共变,而在杏仁核中,α振荡则不随BOLD数据而变。因此,恐惧条件会促使由威胁引起的体素模式持续稀疏,可能是由注意力相关机制介导的 随着体素模式的变化,在CS +(但不是CS-)试验中,枕骨α振动越来越不同步。在整个获取试验中,与CS +相关的alpha不同步的变化率与CS +的多体素模式表示的变化率相关。此外,在腹侧注意网络中,α振荡与血氧水平依赖性(BOLD)数据共变,而在杏仁核中,α振荡则不随BOLD数据而变。因此,恐惧条件会促使由威胁引起的体素模式持续稀疏,可能是由注意力相关机制介导的 随着体素模式的变化,在CS +(但不是CS-)试验中,枕骨α振动越来越不同步。在整个获取试验中,与CS +相关的alpha不同步的变化率与CS +的多体素模式表示的变化率相关。此外,在腹侧注意网络中,α振荡与血氧水平依赖性(BOLD)数据共变,而在杏仁核中,α振荡与BOLD数据不共变。因此,恐惧条件会促使由威胁引起的体素模式持续稀疏,可能是由注意力相关机制介导的 CS +相关的alpha失步的变化率与CS +的多体素模式表示的变化率相关。此外,在腹侧注意网络中,α振荡与血氧水平依赖性(BOLD)数据共变,而在杏仁核中,α振荡与BOLD数据不共变。因此,恐惧条件会促使由威胁引起的体素模式持续稀疏,可能是由注意力相关机制介导的 CS +相关alpha不同步的变化率与CS +的多体素模式表示的变化率相关。此外,在腹侧注意网络中,α振荡与血氧水平依赖性(BOLD)数据共变,而在杏仁核中,α振荡与BOLD数据不共变。因此,恐惧条件会促使由威胁引起的体素模式持续稀疏,可能是由注意力相关机制介导的
更新日期:2020-11-09
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