Vision, hearing, olfaction, taste, and touch comprise the sensory modalities of most vertebrates. With these senses, the animal receives information about its environment. How this information is organized, interpreted, and experienced is known as perception. The study of the sensory abilities of animals and their implications for behavior is central not only to ethology but also to animal welfare. Sensory ability, perception, and behavior are closely linked. Horses and humans share the five most common sensory modalities, however, their ranges and capacities differ, so that horses are unlikely to perceive their surroundings in a similar manner to humans. Understanding equine perceptual abilities and their differences is important when horses and human interact, as these abilities are pivotal for the response of the horse to any changes in its surroundings. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the sensory abilities of horses. The information is discussed within an evolutionary context and also includes a practical perspective, outlining potential ways to mitigate risks of injuries and enhance positive horse-human interactions. The equine sensory apparatus includes panoramic visual capacities with acuities similar to those of red-green color-blind humans as well as aural abilities that, in some respects exceed human hearing and a highly developed sense of smell, all of which influence how horses react in various situations. Equine sensitivity to touch has been studied surprisingly sparingly despite tactile stimulation being the major interface of horse training. We discuss the potential use of sensory enrichment/positive sensory stimulation to improve the welfare of horses in various situations e.g. using odors, touch or sound to enrich the environment or to appease horses. In addition, equine perception is affected by factors such as breed, individuality, age, and in some cases even color, emphasizing that different horses may need different types of management. Understanding the sensory abilities of horses is central to the emerging discipline of equitation science, which comprises the gamut of horse-human interactions. Therefore, sensory abilities continue to warrant scientific focus, with more research to enable us to understand different horses and their various needs.

视觉，听觉，嗅觉，味觉和触觉构成了大多数脊椎动物的感觉模态。通过这些感觉，动物获得了有关其环境的信息。如何组织，解释和体验这些信息被称为感知。对动物的感官能力及其对行为的影响的研究不仅是行为学的中心，也是动物福利的中心。感觉能力，知觉和行为密切相关。马和人共有五种最常见的感觉方式，但是它们的范围和能力不同，因此马不太可能以与人相似的方式感知周围的环境。当马与人互动时，了解马的感知能力及其差异非常重要，因为这些能力对于马匹应对周围环境的任何变化至关重要。这篇综述旨在概述有关马的感官能力的最新知识。这些信息是在进化的背景下进行讨论的，并且还包括实用的观点，概述了减轻伤害风险和增强人与人之间积极互动的潜在方法。马的感觉装置包括具有与红绿色盲人相似的视力的全景视觉能力，以及在某些方面超过人的听力和高度发达的嗅觉的听觉能力，所有这些都会影响马的反应。各种情况。尽管触觉刺激是马匹训练的主要界面，但对马的触觉敏感性却进行了令人惊讶的少量研究。我们讨论了在各种情况下（例如使用气味，触觉或声音来丰富环境或安抚马匹）通过感官丰富/积极的感官刺激来改善马匹的福利的潜在用途。此外，马的知觉还受诸如品种，个性，年龄以及某些情况下甚至肤色等因素的影响，强调不同的马匹可能需要不同的管理方式。了解马的感觉能力是新兴的马术科学学科的核心，后者包括马与人之间的互动。因此，感官能力继续值得科学关注，需要进行更多的研究以使我们了解不同的马匹及其各种需求。使用气味，触觉或声音来丰富环境或安抚马匹。此外，马的知觉还受诸如品种，个性，年龄以及某些情况下甚至肤色等因素的影响，强调不同的马匹可能需要不同的管理方式。了解马的感觉能力是新兴的马术科学学科的核心，后者包括马与人之间的互动。因此，感官能力继续值得科学关注，需要进行更多的研究以使我们了解不同的马匹及其各种需求。使用气味，触觉或声音来丰富环境或安抚马匹。此外，马的知觉受诸如品种，个性，年龄，甚至在某些情况下甚至是肤色等因素的影响，强调不同的马匹可能需要不同的管理方式。了解马的感觉能力是新兴的马术科学学科的核心，后者包括马与人之间的互动。因此，感官能力继续值得科学关注，需要进行更多的研究以使我们能够理解不同的马匹及其各种需求。了解马的感觉能力是新兴的马术科学学科的核心，后者包括马与人之间的互动。因此，感官能力继续值得科学关注，需要进行更多的研究以使我们能够理解不同的马匹及其各种需求。了解马的感觉能力是新兴的马术科学学科的核心，后者包括马与人之间的互动。因此，感官能力继续值得科学关注，需要进行更多的研究以使我们能够理解不同的马匹及其各种需求。