Bycatch in fisheries is one of the greatest threats to marine megafauna such as sea turtles, and the Biodiversity Impact Mitigation Hierarchy (BIMH) has been proposed as an improved and holistic approach for integrating fisheries management with sea turtle conservation. The first three BIMH steps – avoid, minimize, and remediate – take place at sea where fishing activity is taking place. However, these at-sea measures are costly and difficult to effectively implement across the vast range of a highly migratory species. As such, some level of mortality continues, even when the first three steps of the BIMH are implemented as extensively as possible. These remaining negative impacts need to be addressed by compensatory conservation actions elsewhere, e.g., at sea turtle nesting beaches. As a case study, we use the critically endangered leatherback sea turtle nesting population in Papua Barat, Indonesia, to illustrate the opportunity for conservatory offsets to fisheries bycatch across the Pacific. We describe the community empowerment and nest protection programs that have been enhanced by the voluntary offsets from the tuna industry. While improved nest protection measures have helped optimize hatchling production, the engagement of the local communities, through activities that empower and enhance quality of life, has been a critical component to the successful increase in hatchlings. This momentum needs to be sustained and scaled-up to protect the majority of threatened nests over a consistent number of years to successfully provide the recruitment boost needed at the population level. These compensatory off-site conservation measures are also the most cost-effective means of achieving increases in leatherback populations, and perhaps one of the most critical components of the recovery strategy for Pacific leatherbacks.

中文翻译：

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社区参与：跨界西太平洋棱皮龟多方面保护方法的一个组成部分

渔业中的误捕是对海龟等海洋巨型动物的最大威胁之一，生物多样性影响缓解等级 (BIMH) 已被提议作为将渔业管理与海龟保护相结合的改进和整体方法。BIMH 的前三个步骤——避免、最小化和补救——发生在进行捕鱼活动的海上。然而，这些海上措施成本高昂且难以在广泛的高度洄游物种中有效实施。因此，即使尽可能广泛地实施 BIMH 的前三个步骤，某种程度的死亡率仍在继续。这些剩余的负面影响需要通过其他地方的补偿性保护行动来解决，例如在海龟筑巢的海滩。作为案例研究，我们使用印度尼西亚巴布亚巴拉特的极度濒危棱皮海龟筑巢种群来说明温室补偿对跨太平洋渔业兼捕的机会。我们描述了通过金枪鱼行业的自愿补偿而增强的社区赋权和巢穴保护计划。虽然改进的巢穴保护措施有助于优化孵化器的生产，但当地社区的参与，通过增强生活质量和提高生活质量的活动，一直是成功增加孵化器的关键组成部分。这种势头需要持续和扩大，以在一致的年数内保护大多数受威胁的巢穴，以成功地提供所需的种群数量增长。