Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition ( IF 2.102 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-08 , DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1817844 Dillon H Murphy 1 , Alan D Castel 1
ABSTRACT
The present study investigated age-related differences in retrieval from long-term memory using a semantic fluency task in which participants recalled animals during a 5-minute retrieval period. We evaluated the relative uniqueness of items and their output position within the retrieval process to further elucidate how younger and older adults access and retrieve semantic knowledge in long-term memory. Although older (n = 96, aged 56-79, M = 62.44) and younger adults (n = 98, aged 18-27, M = 23.44) scored similarly for retrieval fluency and originality, these abilities tended to decline when we analyzed age as a continuous variable, indicating some preservation in earlier adulthood, but impairment in older age. Additionally, participants tended to recall common, more easily accessible items before unique, less accessible items, and this pattern was more prominent in older adults. Thus, there are both similarities and differences in semantic fluency in older age.
中文翻译:
语义流畅性成分中与年龄相关的异同:分析长时记忆检索的原创性和组织
摘要
本研究使用语义流畅任务调查长期记忆检索中与年龄相关的差异,参与者在 5 分钟的检索期间回忆动物。我们评估了项目的相对唯一性及其在检索过程中的输出位置,以进一步阐明年轻人和老年人如何访问和检索长期记忆中的语义知识。虽然老年人(n = 96,56-79 岁, M = 62.44)和年轻人(n = 98,18-27 岁, M = 23.44)在检索流畅性和独创性方面得分相似,当我们将年龄作为连续变量分析时,这些能力往往会下降,这表明在成年早期有一些保留,但在老年时会受损。此外,参与者倾向于在独特、不易获得的物品之前回忆常见、更容易获得的物品,这种模式在老年人中更为突出。因此,老年人的语义流畅度既有相似之处,也有不同之处。