Polydopamine (PDA) is polymerized from dopamine under oxidative and basic conditions. PDA is a biocompatible material with great versatility for coating various surfaces and it can also form nanoparticles. DNA oligonucleotides are highly stable, and they can recognize a diverse range of molecules from complementary nucleic acids, proteins to small molecules and metal ions. To enhance the molecular recognition function of PDA, it is interfaced with DNA and the conjugates have achieved a wide range of applications in biomedical and analytical science. In this review, the chemistry of some catecholamines, including dopamine and PDA, is first briefly introduced and variables in the PDA synthesis are highlighted. Strategies to promote DNA adsorption on PDA are then discussed including the use of low pH and polyvalent metal ions. In addition, covalent attachment of DNA to PDA can be achieved by using amino or thiol‐modified DNA, forming highly stable conjugates. The specific applications of PDA–DNA conjugate are also delineated, including DNA extraction, biosensing, intracellular delivery, and DNA origami. Finally, some problems in the field are discussed, along with a few future research opportunities.

中文翻译：

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DNA与聚多巴胺纳米粒子的连接及其应用

聚多巴胺（PDA）在氧化和碱性条件下由多巴胺聚合而成。PDA是一种生物相容性材料，具有广泛的多功能性，可以涂覆各种表面，并且还可以形成纳米颗粒。DNA寡核苷酸非常稳定，可以识别从互补核酸，蛋白质到小分子和金属离子的各种分子。为了增强PDA的分子识别功能，将其与DNA结合在一起，结合物已在生物医学和分析科学领域获得了广泛的应用。在这篇综述中，首先简要介绍了一些儿茶酚胺的化学，包括多巴胺和PDA，并着重介绍了PDA合成中的变量。然后讨论了促进DNA在PDA上吸附的策略，包括使用低pH和多价金属离子。此外，通过使用氨基或硫醇修饰的DNA，形成高度稳定的结合物，可以实现DNA与PDA的共价连接。还描述了PDA-DNA共轭物的具体应用，包括DNA提取，生物传感，细胞内递送和DNA折纸。最后，讨论了该领域中的一些问题以及一些未来的研究机会。