Major earthquakes in oceanic lithosphere seaward of the subduction zone outer trench slope are relatively uncommon, but several recent occurrences have involved very complex sequences rupturing multiple nonaligned faults and/or having high aftershock productivity with diffuse distribution. This includes the 21 December 2010 M_W 7.4 Ogasawara (Bonin), 11 April 2012 M_W 8.6 Indo‐Australia, 23 January 2018 M_W 7.9 Off‐Kodiak Island, and 20 December 2018 M_W 7.3 Nikol'skoye (northwest Pacific) earthquakes. Major oceanic intraplate event sequences farther from plate boundaries do not tend to be as complex in faulting or aftershocks. Outer trench slope extensional faulting can involve complex distributed sequences, particularly when activated by great megathrust ruptures such as 11 March 2011 M_W 9.1 Tohoku and 15 November 2006 M_W 8.3 Kuril Islands. Intense faulting sequences also occur near subduction zone corners, with many fault geometries being activated, including some in nearby oceanic lithosphere, as for the 29 September 2009 M_W 8.1 Samoa, 6 February 2013 M_W 8.0 Santa Cruz Islands, and 16 November 2000 M_W 8.0 New Ireland earthquakes. The laterally varying plate boundary stresses from heterogeneous locking, recent earthquakes, or boundary geometry influence the specific faulting geometries activated in nearby major intraplate ruptures in oceanic lithosphere. Preexisting lithospheric structures and fabrics exert secondary influences on the faulting. Intraplate stress release in oceanic lithosphere near subduction zones favors distributed macrofracturing of near‐critical fault systems rather than localized, single‐fault failures, both under transient loading induced by plate boundary ruptures and under slow loading by tectonic motions and slab pull.

中文翻译：

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复杂大地震序列中海洋岩石圈的宏观破裂

俯冲带外沟槽斜坡的大洋岩石圈海域的大地震相对罕见，但是最近发生的几起事件涉及非常复杂的序列，使多个未对准的断层破裂，并且/或者具有分散分布的高余震产能。这包括2010年12月21日中号_W¯¯ 7.4小笠原（博宁），2012年4月11日中号_W¯¯ 8.6印支澳大利亚，2018年1月23日中号_W¯¯ 7.9离科迪亚克岛和二○一八年十二月二十〇日中号_{w ^}7.3 Nikol'skoye（西北太平洋）地震。距板块边界较远的主要海洋板块内事件序列在断层或余震中往往不那么复杂。外沟槽斜率伸展断层可涉及复杂的分布式序列，由大逆冲破裂激活尤其当诸如11 2011年3月中号_W¯¯ 9.1东北和15个2006年11月中号_W¯¯ 8.3千岛。强烈的断层序列也发生近俯冲带的角落，有许多故障几何形状被激活，包括一些在附近的大洋岩石圈，作为2009年9月29日中号_W¯¯ 8.1萨摩亚，2013年2月6日中号_W¯¯ 8.0圣克鲁斯群岛，以及2000年11月16日中号_{w ^}8.0新爱尔兰地震。来自非均质锁定，近期地震或边界几何形状的横向变化的板块边界应力会影响在大洋岩石圈附近主要板内破裂中激活的特定断层几何结构。先前存在的岩石圈结构和织物对断层产生了次要影响。在俯冲带附近俯冲带的大范围岩石圈内板内应力释放有利于近临界断层系统的分布式宏观破裂，而不是局部的单断层破坏，无论是在板块边界破裂引起的瞬时载荷下还是在构造运动和板拉作用下的缓慢载荷下。