Introducing intrinsic defects in polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) without the addition of exotic atoms have been verified as an available strategy to boost the photocatalytic performance. This minireview focuses on the fundamental classifications and positive roles of intrinsic defects in PCN for photocatalysis applications. The intrinsic defects in PCN are classified into several types, such as nitrogen vacancy, carbon vacancy and derivative functional groups such as cyano, amino and cyanamide groups. The critical roles of these defects on the electronic configuration, charge transfer and surface properties of PCN are also carefully classified and elaborated. Furthermore, the photocatalysis applications of the defective PCN including photocatalytic water splitting, N₂ fixation, H₂O₂ production, CO₂ reduction and NO removal are summarized. In the end, the challenges and opportunities of defect chemistry in PCN for photocatalysis field are presented.

中文翻译：

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用于光催化应用的多尺度碳氮化物的内在缺陷。

已证明在不添加外来原子的情况下在聚合物氮化碳（PCN）中引入固有缺陷是提高光催化性能的可用策略。本微型审查重点关注PCN中光催化应用中固有缺陷的基本分类和积极作用。PCN中的固有缺陷可分为几种类型，例如氮空位，碳空位和衍生物官能团，例如氰基，氨基和氰胺基。这些缺陷对PCN的电子结构，电荷转移和表面特性的关键作用也得到了仔细的分类和阐述。此外，有缺陷的PCN的光催化应用包括光催化水分解，N ₂固定，H ₂ O总结了_2种生产，CO ₂还原和NO去除的过程。最后，提出了光催化领域PCN中缺陷化学的挑战和机遇。