It will be necessary to make efficient use of our resources if our society is to be converted into a bio‐based economy. Every year large side streams of bark are produced in sawmills and pulp mills. In addition to utilizing the bark for heat and electricity production, as happens today, high‐value chemical components could be extracted prior to energy conversion. These components include tannins. Cationized tannins have already been indicated as promising renewable flocculants in wastewater treatment. However, today's industrial production of tannins uses species from subtropical or temperate climates, and there has so far been little attention to the use of tannins from Norway spruce (Picea abies), an important species in forestry in the subarctic climate. The present life‐cycle assessment (LCA) was undertaken to understand the environmental performance of the production of cationized tannins from the bark of Norway spruce and how the environmental impact is distributed along the production system. This work was connected to the Interreg Botnia‐Atlantica TanWat research project, which studies the production and use of cationized tannins from Norway spruce for wastewater treatment at a pilot scale. The present LCA shows that the main environmental impact stems from the reagents used in the cationization step. The purification step could also be a significant issue depending on the possibility of reusing the eluent (ethanol) and the lifetime of the resin. The importance of running the processes with as concentrated streams as possible to minimize the need of process water and energy was also confirmed © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

中文翻译：

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挪威云杉树皮作为絮凝剂在废水处理中生产阳离子型单宁的生命周期评估

要使我们的社会转变为以生物为基础的经济，就必须有效利用我们的资源。每年，锯木厂和纸浆厂都会产生大量的树皮支流。除了将树皮用于热力和电力生产外，今天还可以在能源转换之前提取高价值的化学成分。这些成分包括单宁。阳离子单宁已被表明是废水处理中很有希望的可再生絮凝剂。但是，当今的单宁工业生产使用的是亚热带或温带气候的物种，到目前为止，很少有人关注挪威云杉（Picea abies），是亚北极气候下林业中的重要物种。进行本生命周期评估（LCA）是为了了解挪威云杉树皮生产阳离子单宁的环境性能，以及环境影响如何沿生产系统分布。这项工作与Interreg Botnia-Atlantica TanWat研究项目有关，该项目研究了来自挪威云杉的阳离子化单宁的生产和使用，并进行了中试规模的废水处理。本LCA表明，主要的环境影响源于阳离子化步骤中使用的试剂。取决于重复使用洗脱液（乙醇）的可能性和树脂的寿命，纯化步骤也可能是一个重大问题。©2020 The Authors。版权所有。作者还确认了使用尽可能集中的物流运行过程以最小化过程水和能源的需求的重要性。化学工业协会和John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.出版的生物燃料，生物产品和生物精制。