The association between fathers' parenting characteristics and their preschool children's social information processing (SIP) patterns is an understudied research topic. Hence, the current study aims to bridge this gap by examining whether there are differences between mothers' and fathers' parenting characteristics and their children's SIP patterns as well as their social functioning in school, with a specific focus on children's aggressive response evaluation and decision (RED) and social difficulties in kindergarten. Using a multimethod (self-reports and direct assessments) multi-informant (mother, father, child, and teacher) design, we collected data from 115 kindergarten children, their mothers, and their fathers, tapping the parents' perceptions of the relationships with the child and parenting style; the child's aggressively biased RED, and the child's social difficulties in kindergarten. We found that fathers' parenting capacities are associated with children's aggressively biased RED, whereas no such associations were found for mothers. In addition, aggressively biased RED mediated the association between fathers' authoritative parenting style and the child's maladaptive behavior in kindergarten. There were no differences between fathers and mothers in relation to social difficulties in kindergarten, with both parents' authoritative parenting style associated with less social difficulties. However, sex moderated this association in mothers as their authoritative style was associated with social difficulties in boys but not in girls. This difference was not found in fathers. On the other hand, fathers' authoritarian parenting style was associated with aggressive RED in boys but not in girls. The tentative nature of these findings and the need for replications are discussed.

中文翻译：

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幼儿园儿童的育儿做法、积极反应评估和决定以及社交困难：父亲的作用

父亲的养育特征与其学龄前儿童的社会信息处理 (SIP) 模式之间的关联是一个研究不足的研究课题。因此，目前的研究旨在通过检查母亲和父亲的养育特征、孩子的 SIP 模式以及他们在学校的社会功能之间是否存在差异来弥合这一差距，特别关注孩子的积极反应评估和决定。 RED）和幼儿园的社交困难。使用多方法（自我报告和直接评估）多信息（母亲、父亲、孩子和老师）设计，我们收集了 115 名幼儿园儿童及其母亲和父亲的数据，挖掘了父母对与父母之间关系的看法。孩子和养育方式；孩子的激进偏见 RED，以及孩子在幼儿园的社交困难。我们发现父亲的养育能力与孩子的积极偏见 RED 相关，而母亲没有发现这种关联。此外，积极偏向的 RED 介导了父亲权威的教养方式与孩子在幼儿园的适应不良行为之间的关联。在幼儿园的社交困难方面，父亲和母亲之间没有差异，父母双方的权威教养方式与较少的社交困难相关。然而，性别在母亲中缓和了这种关联，因为她们的权威风格与男孩的社交困难有关，但与女孩无关。这种差异在父亲身上没有发现。另一方面，父亲的 专制的养育方式与男孩的侵略性红色有关，但与女孩无关。讨论了这些发现的暂定性质和重复的必要性。