Advancements in research on the interaction of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) with nanotopographies and biomaterials are enhancing the ability to influence cell migration, proliferation, gene expression, and tailored differentiation toward desired phenotypes. Here, the fabrication of pyrolytic carbon nanograss (CNG) nanotopographies is reported and demonstrated that these can be employed as cell substrates boosting hNSCs differentiation into dopaminergic neurons (DAn), a long‐time pursued goal in regenerative medicine based on cell replacement. In the near future, such structures can play a crucial role in the near future for stem‐cell based cell replacement therapy (CRT) and bio‐implants for Parkinson's disease (PD). The unique combination of randomly distributed nanograss topographies and biocompatible pyrolytic carbon material is optimized to provide suitable mechano‐material cues for hNSCs adhesion, division, and DAn differentiation of midbrain hNSCs. The results show that in the presence of the biocoating poly‐L‐lysine (PLL), the CNG enhances hNSCs neurogenesis up to 2.3‐fold and DAn differentiation up to 3.5‐fold. Moreover, for the first time, consistent evidence is provided, that CNGs without any PLL coating are not only supporting cell survival but also lead to significantly enhanced neurogenesis and promote hNSCs to acquire dopaminergic phenotype compared to PLL coated topographies.

中文翻译：

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热解碳纳米草增强人中脑神经干细胞的神经发生和多巴胺能分化。

人类神经干细胞（hNSC）与纳米形貌和生物材料相互作用的研究进展正在增强影响细胞迁移，增殖，基因表达和针对所需表型的定制分化的能力。在这里，热解碳纳米草（CNG）纳米形貌的制备得到了报道，并证明了它们可以用作促进hNSCs分化为多巴胺能神经元（DAn）的细胞底物，这是基于细胞置换的再生医学中长期追求的目标。在不久的将来，这样的结构在基于干细胞的细胞替代疗法（CRT）和帕金森氏病（PD）的生物植入物中将发挥至关重要的作用。优化了随机分布的纳米草形貌和生物相容性热解碳材料的独特组合，以为hNSCs粘附，分裂和DAn分化中脑hNSCs提供合适的机械材料线索。结果表明，在存在生物涂层聚L-赖氨酸（PLL）的情况下，CNG可将hNSCs的神经发生增强至2.3倍，将DAn分化增强至3.5倍。此外，首次提供了一致的证据，没有PLL涂层的CNG与PLL涂层的拓扑结构相比，不仅支持细胞存活，而且还导致神经发生显着增强，并促进hNSC获得多巴​​胺能表型。结果表明，在存在生物涂层聚L-赖氨酸（PLL）的情况下，CNG可将hNSCs的神经发生增强至2.3倍，将DAn分化增强至3.5倍。此外，首次提供了一致的证据，没有PLL涂层的CNG与PLL涂层的拓扑结构相比，不仅支持细胞存活，而且还导致神经发生显着增强，并促进hNSC获得多巴​​胺能表型。结果表明，在存在生物涂层聚L-赖氨酸（PLL）的情况下，CNG可将hNSCs的神经发生增强至2.3倍，将DAn分化增强至3.5倍。此外，首次提供了一致的证据，没有PLL涂层的CNG与PLL涂层的拓扑结构相比，不仅支持细胞存活，而且还导致神经发生显着增强，并促进hNSC获得多巴​​胺能表型。