In this study, two parallel-operated up-flow anaerobic sludge bed reactors, one used to treat synthetic wastewater spiked with oxytetracycline and the other used to treat the same wastewater after enhanced hydrolysis, were used to evaluate the impact of oxytetracycline on anaerobic digestion and resistance development and the efficacy of enhanced hydrolysis pretreatment on the elimination of adverse effects. The reactors were operated under a constant organic-loading rate (10 g/L/d) with increasing oxytetracycline doses (0 mg/L to 200 mg/L) over a period of 15 months. For the reactor without pretreatment, the chemical oxygen demand removal reached up to 89.5%%at oxytetracycline doses ranging from 0 mg/L to 100 mg/L, which collapsed at higher oxytetracycline doses. Miseq sequencing showed that a diverse hydrolysis/fermentation/acetogenesis bacterial community was maintained as the oxytetracycline dose was increased from 0 mg/L to 100 mg/L, while extreme dominance of Macellibacteroides (65.70%%- 71.56%) was found to occur at higher oxytetracycline doses. The total abundance of antibiotic resistance genes increased from 1.3 × 10⁻¹ copies per cell to 2.6 × 10⁻¹ copies per cell with increasing oxytetracycline dose from 0 mg/L to 5 mg/L, remained unchanged at oxytetracycline doses ranging from 25 mg/L to 100 mg/L, and then increased to 4.8 × 10⁻¹ copies per cell and 1.3 copies per cell at oxytetracycline doses of 150 mg/L and 200 mg/L, respectively. Multidrug resistance developed in response to oxytetracycline treatment at 200 mg/L. Poor chemical oxygen demand removal and a marked enrichment in antibiotic resistance genes was validated using a full-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge bed system fed with an influent oxytetracycline concentration of approximately 200 mg/L. For the reactor treating wastewater pretreated with enhanced hydrolysis (85 °C for 6 h), the chemical oxygen demand removal rate and antibiotic resistance genes level over the whole oxytetracycline dose range were found to be similar to those achieved with zero oxytetracycline treatment. These results demonstrated that the control of conventional pollutants and ARGs could be achieved simultaneously in the UASB reactor by employing enhanced hydrolysis pretreatment.

在这项研究中，两个平行操作的上流厌氧污泥床反应器用于评估土霉素对厌氧消化和厌氧消化的影响，其中一个用于处理加有土霉素的合成废水，另一个用于增强水解后的同一废水。抗性发展和增强水解预处理对消除不良影响的功效。在15个月的时间内，以恒定的有机负荷速率（10 g / L / d）和增加的土霉素剂量（0 mg / L至200 mg / L）运行反应器。对于未经预处理的反应器，在土霉素的剂量范围为0 mg / L至100 mg / L时，化学需氧量的去除率高达89.5 %%，在土霉素的较高剂量下，化学需氧量消失了。发现在较高的土霉素剂量下会发生Macellibacteroides（65.70 %%-71.56％）。随着土霉素剂量从0 mg / L增加到5 mg / L，抗生素抗性基因的总丰度从每个细胞1.3×10 ^-1个拷贝增加到每个细胞2.6×10 ^-1个拷贝，土霉素的剂量范围从25 mg不变/ L至100 mg / L，然后增加至4.8×10 ^-1土霉素剂量分别为150 mg / L和200 mg / L时，每个细胞复制1个拷贝，每个细胞复制1.3个拷贝。在200 mg / L的土霉素处理后，产生了多药耐药性。使用进水浓度约为200 mg / L的满规模上流厌氧污泥床系统验证了化学需氧量去除效果差和抗生素抗性基因显着富集的情况。对于用增强水解作用（85°C 6 h）预处理的反应器处理废水，在整个土霉素剂量范围内，化学需氧量去除率和抗生素抗性基因水平与零土霉素处理相似。