Abstract Amphiphilic coatings have shown promising performance for marine applications to deter and limit biofouling. Hydrophobic marine coatings are unable to deter marine organisms that prefer hydrophobic surfaces for settlements, thus a series of amphiphilic additives were prepared and introduced to a hydrophobic system to attain surface amphiphilicity and improved performance without changing the base matrix. In this work, we report the successful synthesis of amphiphilic additives where highly incompatible blocks of hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and hydrophilic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (poly(SBMA)) were connected, using ARGET ATRP (activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization) controlled radical polymerization technique. The surface characterization confirmed the presence of self-migrated amphiphilic additives to the surface of hydrophobic coating systems, and biological assessments indicated that the additives desirably improved fouling-release performance of the base hydrophobic system against macroalgal spores (Ulva linza) and barnacles (Amphibalanus amphitrite) while these additives had no detrimental effect on ability of the base matrix to release bacteria (Cellulophaga lytica), diatoms (Navicula incerta), and mussels (Geukensia demissa). Furthermore, this study not only reported the outstanding contribution of poly(SBMA)-PDMS additives towards contending with marine biofouling as well as the facile preparation of amphiphilic additives, but also concluded that several factors should be considered in the design of these additives for tailoring hydrophobic coatings: 1) PDMS block with a molecular weight of 1000 M ¯ n is preferred over higher molecular weights of PDMS; 2) hydrophilic portion between a range of 50% to 80% provides the desired amphiphilicity on a surface; and 3) poly(SBMA) block size does not necessarily impact the effectiveness of an additive.

中文翻译：

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基于两性离子-PDMS 的两亲性表面改性添加剂可调节硅氧烷-聚氨酯船舶涂料的污垢释放

摘要 两亲性涂料在海洋应用中显示出良好的性能，可阻止和限制生物污垢。疏水性海洋涂料无法阻止喜欢疏水表面进行沉降的海洋生物，因此制备了一系列两亲添加剂并将其引入疏水系统，以在不改变基础基质的情况下实现表面两亲性和改善性能。在这项工作中，我们报告了两亲性添加剂的成功合成，其中使用 ARGET ATRP（通过电子转移原子转移自由基再生的活化剂）连接了高度不相容的疏水性聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）和亲水性聚（磺基甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸酯）（聚（SBMA））聚合）控制自由基聚合技术。表面表征证实疏水涂层系统表面存在自迁移的两亲添加剂，生物学评估表明添加剂可理想地改善基础疏水系统对巨藻孢子 (Ulva linza) 和藤壶 (Amphibalanus amphitrite) 的污垢释放性能) 而这些添加剂对基础基质释放细菌 (Cellulophaga lytica)、硅藻 (Navicula incerta) 和贻贝 (Geukensia demissa) 的能力没有不利影响。此外，这项研究不仅报告了聚（SBMA）-PDMS 添加剂在对抗海洋生物污垢方面的突出贡献以及两亲添加剂的简便制备，但也得出结论，在设计这些用于定制疏水涂层的添加剂时应考虑几个因素：1) 分子量为 1000 M¯n 的 PDMS 嵌段优于更高分子量的 PDMS；2) 50% 至 80% 范围内的亲水部分在表面上提供所需的两亲性；和 3) 聚 (SBMA) 嵌段大小不一定会影响添加剂的有效性。