High mass X-ray binaries are among the brightest X-ray sources in the Milky Way, as well as in nearby Galaxies. Thanks to their highly variable emissions and complex phenomenology, they have attracted the interest of the high energy astrophysical community since the dawn of X-ray Astronomy. In more recent years, they have challenged our comprehension of physical processes in many more energy bands, ranging from the infrared to very high energies. In this review, we provide a broad but concise summary of the physical processes dominating the emission from high mass X-ray binaries across virtually the whole electromagnetic spectrum. These comprise the interaction of stellar winds with the high gravitational and magnetic fields of compact objects, the behaviour of matter under extreme magnetic and gravity conditions, and the perturbation of the massive star evolutionary processes by presence in a binary system. We highlight the role of the INTEGRAL mission in the discovery of many of the most interesting objects in the high mass X-ray binary class and its contribution in reviving the interest for these sources over the past two decades. We show how the INTEGRAL discoveries have not only contributed to significantly increase the number of high mass X-ray binaries known, thus advancing our understanding of the population as a whole, but also have opened new windows of investigation that stimulated the multi-wavelength approach nowadays common in most astrophysical research fields. We conclude the review by providing an overview of future facilities being planned from the X-ray to the very high energy domain that will hopefully help us in finding an answer to the many questions left open after more than 18 years of INTEGRAL scientific observations.

中文翻译：

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用 INTEGRAand 未来方向理解高质量 X 射线双星的进展

高质量 X 射线双星是银河系以及附近星系中最亮的 X 射线源之一。由于它们高度可变的发射和复杂的现象学，自 X 射线天文学出现以来，它们就引起了高能天体物理学界的兴趣。近年来，它们挑战了我们对更多能带中物理过程的理解，从红外线到非常高的能量。在这篇综述中，我们提供了一个广泛而简洁的总结，概述了几乎整个电磁波谱中的高质量 X 射线双星发射的物理过程。这些包括恒星风与致密物体的高引力和磁场的相互作用，物质在极端磁场和重力条件下的行为，以及双星系统中大质量恒星演化过程的扰动。我们强调了 INTEGRAL 任务在发现高质量 X 射线双星类中许多最有趣的物体方面的作用，以及它在过去二十年中对重振对这些源的兴趣的贡献。我们展示了 INTEGRAL 的发现如何不仅显着增加了已知的高质量 X 射线双星的数量，从而促进了我们对整个种群的理解，而且还打开了新的研究窗口，刺激了多波长方法现在在大多数天体物理学研究领域都很常见。