Two-way active avoidance (TWAA) acquisition constitutes a particular case of approach –avoidance conflict for laboratory rodents. The present article reviews behavioural, psychopharmacological and neuroanatomical evidence accumulated along more than fifty years that provides strong support to the contention that anxiety is critical in the transition from CS (conditioned stimulus)-induced freezing to escape/avoidance responses during the initial stages of TWAA acquisition. Thus, anxiolytic drugs of different types accelerate avoidance acquisition, anxiogenic drugs impair it, and avoidance during these initial acquisition stages is negatively associated with other typical measures of anxiety. In addition behavioural and developmental treatments that reduce or increase anxiety/stress respectively facilitate or impair TWAA acquisition. Finally, evidence for the regulation of TWAA acquisition by septo-hippocampal and amygdala-related mechanisms is discussed. Collectively, the reviewed evidence gives support to the initial acquisition of TWAA as a paradigm with considerable predictive and (in particular) construct validity as an approach-avoidance conflict-based rodent anxiety model.

双向主动回避（TWAA）的获取是进场方法的特殊情况-实验室啮齿动物的回避冲突。本文回顾了五十多年来积累的行为，心理药理和神经解剖学证据，为以下观点提供了有力的支持：在TWAA初始阶段，焦虑是从CS（条件刺激）诱导的冻结转变为逃避/避免反应的关键。收购。因此，不同类型的抗焦虑药会加速逃避获取，而促焦虑药会损害逃避获取，并且在这些初始获取阶段中的逃避与其他典型的焦虑量度呈负相关。另外，减少或增加焦虑/压力的行为和发育治疗分别促进或损害TWAA的获得。最后，讨论了通过间隔海马和杏仁核相关机制调节TWAA的证据。总的来说，经过审查的证据为TWAA作为一种范例提供了支持，该范例具有相当可观的预测性，并且（尤其是）构建了作为一种避免方法，基于冲突的啮齿动物焦虑模型的有效性。