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Genetic basis of ion exclusion in salinity stressed wheat: implications in improving crop yield
Plant Growth Regulation ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 , DOI: 10.1007/s10725-020-00659-4
Muhammad Naeem , Muhammad Iqbal , Amir Shakeel , Sami Ul-Allah , Manzoor Hussain , Abdur Rehman , Zafar Ullah Zafar , Habib-ur-Rehman Athar , Muhammad Ashraf

Productivity of food crops like wheat, a staple food of major portion of the world, is hampered due to salinity stress, thereby threatening food security. With the advancements in plant physiology and molecular biology based techniques, a number of structural and regulatory genes (transcription factors, miRNA, siRNA etc.) have been identified that contribute to inducing salinity tolerance responses. Location of these salt tolerant genes or genetic loci on specific chromosomes has also been partially characterized through QTL mapping. This information helps in efficient transfer of these genes into other crop cultivars through molecular breeding tools. Although plant salt tolerance mechanisms include osmotic adjustment, ion exclusion, ion inclusion, efficient antioxidant system, hormonal signaling etc., ion exclusion has long been recognized as central to salinity tolerance in wheat. Ion exclusion involves highly coordinated activity of a variety of channels, pumps and antiporters at parenchyma cells in root, stem and leaves associated with xylem. A number of molecular markers have been identified which are associated with ion exclusion or Na+ exclusion. However, some of them are associated with undesirable traits thereby producing lower crop productivity, e.g. Kna1. Thus, it is imperative to assess novel sources of ion exclusion with subsequent characterization before their introgression into other crop cultivars. In this review, recent advancements in identifying novel sources of ion exclusion in wheat have been discussed at length. In addition, up to what extent marker assisted breeding using these ion exclusion sources will help improve crop salt tolerance in wheat, thereby reducing global food security threat. An effective new paradigm is the targeted identification of specific genetic determinants of stress adaptation that have evolved in nature and their precise introgression into elite varieties.

中文翻译:

盐胁迫小麦中离子排斥的遗传基础:对提高作物产量的影响

小麦等粮食作物的生产力由于盐分压力而受到阻碍,从而威胁到粮食安全,小麦是世界上主要地区的主食。随着基于植物生理学和分子生物学技术的进步,已经鉴定了许多有助于诱导耐盐反应的结构和调节基因(转录因子、miRNA、siRNA 等)。这些耐盐基因或遗传位点在特定染色体上的位置也已通过 QTL 作图部分表征。这些信息有助于通过分子育种工具将这些基因有效地转移到其他作物品种中。虽然植物耐盐机制包括渗透调节、离子排斥、离子包合、高效抗氧化系统、激素信号传导等,离子排斥长期以来被认为是小麦耐盐性的核心。离子排斥涉及与木质部相关的根、茎和叶薄壁组织中的各种通道、泵和逆向转运蛋白的高度协调活动。已经鉴定了许多与离子排斥或 Na+ 排斥相关的分子标记。然而,其中一些与不良性状相关,从而产生较低的作物生产力,例如 Kna1。因此,在它们渗入其他作物品种之前,必须评估离子排斥的新来源并进行后续表征。在这篇综述中,详细讨论了鉴定小麦离子排斥新来源的最新进展。此外,使用这些离子排斥源的标记辅助育种在多大程度上有助于提高小麦的作物耐盐性,从而减少全球粮食安全威胁。一种有效的新范式是有针对性地识别在自然界中进化的应激适应的特定遗传决定因素,并将其精确渗入到优良品种中。
更新日期:2020-09-09
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