Bacteria, fungi, virus and nematode constitute the primary class of pathogens causing plant diseases. Plant–pathogen interactions are crucial for the identification of the host and pathogen and further establishments of a network of interaction that can cross regulate the gene expressions in both sides. After infection, the correct identification of pathogen through various molecular interactions elicit a defense response against the pathogen by alteration of gene expression by the host. Co-evolution of pathogen gives them the ability to counter the virulence response of the host and pathogen can also modulate the host gene expression pattern to make it more susceptible to the infection. Small non-coding RNA molecules (siRNAs and miRNAs) efficiently modulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level and play a vital role in host defense. The pathogen can also use this double-sided sward in their defense by deregulating the plant immunity via transcriptional control of plant genes utilizing RNA interference or suppressing the host RNA interference response with the help of various RNA silencing suppressor proteins. This mini-review focused on the miRNAs involvement in host defense and how different families of these non-coding regulatory RNAs regulate the defense response against the pathogen.

细菌，真菌，病毒和线虫是引起植物病害的主要病原体类别。植物与病原体之间的相互作用对于鉴定宿主和病原体以及进一步建立可以交叉调节双方基因表达的相互作用网络至关重要。感染后，通过各种分子相互作用正确鉴定病原体会通过宿主基因表达的改变引起对病原体的防御反应。病原体的共同进化使它们能够抵抗宿主的毒力反应，病原体还可以调节宿主基因的表达模式，使其更易于感染。小型非编码RNA分子（siRNA和miRNA）可以有效地在转录和转录后水平上调节基因表达，并且在宿主防御中起着至关重要的作用。病原体还可以通过使用RNA干扰或通过多种RNA沉默抑制蛋白抑制植物RNA干扰反应，通过对植物基因的转录控制来放松植物的免疫力，从而在植物防御中使用这种双面保护膜。这篇小型综述着重于miRNA参与宿主防御以及这些非编码调控RNA的不同家族如何调节针对病原体的防御反应。病原体还可以通过使用RNA干扰或通过各种RNA沉默抑制蛋白抑制植物RNA干扰反应，通过对植物基因的转录控制来放松植物的免疫力，从而在植物防御中使用这种双面保护膜。这篇小型综述着重于miRNA参与宿主防御以及这些非编码调控RNA的不同家族如何调节针对病原体的防御反应。病原体还可以通过使用RNA干扰或通过各种RNA沉默抑制蛋白抑制植物RNA干扰反应，通过对植物基因的转录控制来放松植物的免疫力，从而在植物防御中使用这种双面保护膜。这篇小型综述着重于miRNA参与宿主防御以及这些非编码调控RNA的不同家族如何调节针对病原体的防御反应。