Numerous studies to date have interrogated United States (US) think tanks—and their networks—involved in climate change countermovement (CCM). Comparatively in Europe (EU), research has been lacking. This investigation therefore attends to that gap. We conducted a frame analysis on eight most prominent contrarian think tanks in six countries and four languages in Europe over 24 years (1994–2018). We found that there has been consistent contrarian framing through think tanks in the EU regarding climate change. Yet, we found a proliferation of contrarian outputs particularly in recent years. This uptick in quantity correlates with increases in CCM activities in the US. Our content analyses showed that well-worn climate change counter-frames spread by US CCM organizations were consistently circulated by European organizations as well. Moreover, we found that, as in the US, neoliberal ideological stances stood out as the most frequently taken up by contrarian think tanks in Europe. As such, we documented that CCM tropes and activities have flowed strongly between US and EU countries.

中文翻译：

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有影响力的气候逆势欧洲智库中的主要反框架

迄今为止，许多研究都询问了美国 (US) 智库及其网络，它们参与了气候变化反运动 (CCM)。与欧洲（EU）相比，研究一直缺乏。因此，这项调查关注了这一差距。我们对 24 年（1994-2018 年）欧洲 6 个国家和 4 种语言的 8 个最著名的逆势智库进行了框架分析。我们发现欧盟的智囊团一直对气候变化有一致的逆向框架。然而，我们发现逆向输出的激增，尤其是近年来。这种数量的增加与美国 CCM 活动的增加有关。我们的内容分析表明，由美国 CCM 组织传播的陈旧的气候变化反框架也一直在欧洲组织中传播。而且，我们发现，与美国一样，新自由主义意识形态立场是欧洲逆势智库最常采取的立场。因此，我们记录了 CCM 比喻和活动在美国和欧盟国家之间的强烈流动。