Glioblastoma (GBM) is highly invasive and the deadliest brain tumor in adults. It is characterized by inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity, short patient survival, and lack of effective treatment. Prognosis and therapy selection is driven by molecular data from gene transcription, genetic alterations and DNA methylation. The four GBM molecular subtypes are proneural, neural, classical, and mesenchymal. More effective personalized therapy heavily depends on higher resolution molecular subtype signatures, combined with gene therapy, immunotherapy and organoid technology. In this review, we summarize the principal GBM molecular classifications that guide diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic recommendations.

胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是一种高度侵袭性的成人脑肿瘤，也是最致命的。其特点是肿瘤间和肿瘤内异质性、患者生存期短、缺乏有效的治疗方法。预后和治疗选择由基因转录、遗传改变和 DNA 甲基化的分子数据驱动。GBM 的四种分子亚型是原神经亚型、神经亚型、经典亚型和间充质亚型。更有效的个性化治疗在很大程度上取决于更高分辨率的分子亚型特征，以及基因治疗、免疫治疗和类器官技术的结合。在这篇综述中，我们总结了指导诊断、预后和治疗建议的主要 GBM 分子分类。