A biomaterial scaffold is a promising tool employed to drive tissue regeneration. This technology has been successfully applied in human tissue rebuilding, particularly for the skin. Meanwhile, there is still room for further improvement, such as maintaining sufficient functionality of a biomaterial scaffold. Here, we developed a new decellularization method to generate a complete anatomical skin biomatrix scaffold with a preserved extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture. We performed proteomic and bioinformatic analyses of the skin scaffold maps of humans, pigs, and rats and systematically analyzed the interaction between ECM proteins and different cell types in the skin microenvironment. These interactions served to quantify the structure and function of the skin’s Matrisome comprising core ECM components and ECM-associated soluble signaling molecules required for the regulation of epidermal development. We primarily found that the properties of the skin ECM were species-specific. For example, the composition and function of the ECM of the human skin were more similar to those of pigs compared with those of rats. However, the skin ECM of the pig was significantly deficient in its enzyme systems and immune regulatory factors compared with that of humans. These findings provide a new understanding of the role of the skin ECM niche as well as an attractive strategy that can apply tissue engineering principles to skin biomatrix scaffold materials, which promises to accelerate and enhance tissue regeneration.

中文翻译：

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基质为多种物种的皮肤功能提供了支持性微环境

生物材料支架是用于驱动组织再生的有前途的工具。该技术已成功应用于人体组织重建，尤其是皮肤。同时，仍然存在进一步改进的空间，例如保持生物材料支架的足够功能。在这里，我们开发了一种新的脱细胞方法，以生成具有保留的细胞外基质（ECM）结构的完整解剖皮肤生物基质支架。我们对人，猪和大鼠的皮肤支架图进行了蛋白质组学和生物信息学分析，并系统分析了皮肤微环境中ECM蛋白与不同细胞类型之间的相互作用。这些相互作用用于量化皮肤的基质的结构和功能，所述基质包括核心ECM组分和调节表皮发育所需的与ECM相关的可溶性信号分子。我们主要发现皮肤ECM的属性是特定于物种的。例如，与大鼠相比，人皮肤ECM的组成和功能与猪更相似。但是，与人相比，猪的皮肤ECM的酶系统和免疫调节因子明显不足。这些发现提供了对皮肤ECM利基作用的新认识，以及可以将组织工程原理应用于皮肤生物基质支架材料的有吸引力的策略，有望加速和增强组织再生。