Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify organochlorine (OC) and organophosphorus (OP) pesticides levels in water samples collected in secondary water bodies in agricultural area planted with coffee and plantain. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. A validated method for microwave-assisted extraction and gas chromatography with electron microcapture detector (MAE-GC-μECD) was used to analyze pesticide residues in samples. The determinations were based on certified reference material, Organochlorine Pesticide Mix AB #3, Canadian Drinking Organophosphorus Pesticides Mix, and pentachloronitrobenzene (ISTD) Internal Standard Mix 508.1. Pesticide residues were found in 81.3% of the samples, including OCs: 4.4′-DDT (38%), endosulfan II (19.7%), endosulfan sulfate, and endrin (11.7% and 8.8%), and others identified as 4.4′-DDE, Delta-HCB, parathion, chlorpyrifos, endrin aldehyde, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, endrin ketone, and methoxychlor. Parathion and/or chlorpyrifos were found in 5.8–8% of samples; the water bodies most heavily affected were those in Filandia and Quimbaya in which 100% of samples were contaminated, followed by those in Calarcá, Córdoba, Pijao, and Génova, with contamination found in over 75% of samples. The results indicated that surface waters from Quindío municipalities are contaminated with pesticide residues hazardous to human health, which are still in use despite being either restricted or prohibited.

摘要

这项研究的目的是确定在种植咖啡和车前草的农业地区二次水体中收集的水样中的有机氯（OC）和有机磷（OP）农药含量。进行了描述性横截面研究。采用一种有效的微波辅助萃取和气相色谱-电子微捕获检测器（MAE-GC-μECD）的方法来分析样品中的农药残留。该测定基于经认证的参考物质，有机氯农药混合物AB＃3，加拿大饮用水有机磷农药混合物和五氯硝基苯（ISTD）内标混合物508.1。在81.3％的样品中发现了农药残留，其中包括OC：4.4'-DDT（38％），硫丹II（19.7％），硫酸硫丹和异狄氏剂（11.7％和8.8％），其他被鉴定为4.4'- DDE，Delta-HCB，对硫磷，毒死rif，异狄氏剂醛，七氯，七氯环氧化物，异狄氏剂酮和甲氧氯。在5.8–8％的样品中发现了对硫磷和/或毒死rif；受影响最严重的水体是Filandia和Quimbaya，其中100％的样品被污染，其次是Calarcá，Córdoba，Pijao和Génova，其中75％以上的样品被污染。结果表明，奎因迪奥市的地表水被有害于人类健康的农药残留污染，尽管受到限制或禁止，但仍在使用。受影响最严重的水体是Filandia和Quimbaya，其中100％的样品被污染，其次是Calarcá，Córdoba，Pijao和Génova，其中75％以上的样品被污染。结果表明，奎因迪奥市的地表水被有害于人类健康的农药残留污染，尽管受到限制或禁止，但仍在使用。受影响最严重的水体是Filandia和Quimbaya，其中100％的样品被污染，其次是Calarcá，Córdoba，Pijao和Génova，其中75％以上的样品被污染。结果表明，奎因迪奥市的地表水被有害于人体健康的农药残留污染，尽管受到限制或禁止，这些农药残留仍在使用。