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Adaptive monitoring: using citizen scientists to track wolf populations when winter-track counts become unreliable
Wildlife Research ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1071/wr19180
Linas Balčiauskas , Laima Balčiauskienė , John A. Litvaitis , Eugenijus Tijušas

Abstract Context In many countries, annual wolf surveys based on snow-track counts have become unreliable because of inconsistent snow coverage. We considered incidental observations by volunteers throughout the year as an alternative monitoring protocol. Aims We recruited interested citizens throughout Lithuania, including hunters, foresters and farmers, to estimate wolf distribution, abundance, pack numbers and group size from 2015 to 2018. Methods Observation-based records of wolves were collected using simple questionnaires that included time, location and method of observation (e.g. track, scat, vocalisation or prey-kill remains). We summarised 979 reports of 1938 observed wolves. Key results Volunteer reports suggested an increase in wolf distribution and abundance from 2015 to 2018. The observed number of wolf packs was estimated to be at least 100 by 2018, pack size increased to 3.6, and the share of single wolves decreased from 56% in 2015 to 40% in 2018. Conclusions We found that volunteer observations can provide useful information on wolf distribution, pack size and pack numbers. Our results support previous reports of expanding wolf populations in the Baltic region. Implications Results of our citizen-science effort by Nature Research Centre and Lithuanian Hunters and Fishers Association have been accepted by the Ministry of Environment as a complement to other surveys in Lithuania and should aid in developing an informed wolf-management policy.

中文翻译:

适应性监测:当冬季追踪计数变得不可靠时,使用公民科学家来追踪狼群

摘要背景在许多国家,由于雪覆盖不一致,基于雪道计数的年度狼调查变得不可靠。我们考虑了志愿者全年的偶然观察作为替代监测方案。目标 我们在立陶宛各地招募了感兴趣的公民,包括猎人、林业人员和农民,以估计 2015 年至 2018 年间狼的分布、数量、狼群数量和群体规模。方法 使用简单的问卷收集基于观察的狼记录,包括时间、地点和观察方法(例如跟踪、散播、发声或猎物残骸)。我们总结了 1938 年观察到的狼的 979 份报告。主要结果 志愿者报告表明,从 2015 年到 2018 年,狼的分布和数量有所增加。到 2018 年,观察到的狼群数量估计至少为 100 只,狼群大小增加到 3.6 个,单狼的比例从 2015 年的 56% 下降到 2018 年的 40%。 结论 我们发现志愿者的观察可以提供有用的信息关于狼分布、包装大小和包装数量。我们的结果支持先前关于波罗的海地区狼群扩大的报告。影响 自然研究中心和立陶宛猎人和渔民协会的公民科学努力的结果已被环境部接受,作为对立陶宛其他调查的补充,应该有助于制定知情的狼管理政策。结论 我们发现志愿者观察可以提供关于狼分布、狼群大小和狼群数量的有用信息。我们的结果支持先前关于波罗的海地区狼群扩大的报告。影响 自然研究中心和立陶宛猎人和渔民协会的公民科学努力的结果已被环境部接受,作为对立陶宛其他调查的补充,应该有助于制定知情的狼管理政策。结论 我们发现志愿者观察可以提供关于狼分布、狼群大小和狼群数量的有用信息。我们的结果支持先前关于波罗的海地区狼群扩大的报告。影响 自然研究中心和立陶宛猎人和渔民协会的公民科学努力的结果已被环境部接受,作为对立陶宛其他调查的补充,应该有助于制定知情的狼管理政策。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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