Chloropicrin (PIC) mixtures of 1,3‐dichloropropene and chloropicrin (DD:PIC), dazomet, and metam sodium (MS) have been applied as chemical alternatives to methyl bromide (MB) in Spanish strawberry nurseries since MB was banned as a soil fumigant in 2005. These chemical alternatives were applied to soil in two Spanish strawberry nurseries between 2003 and 2017 to test their efficacy against the main crown and root disease and soil fungal populations in comparison with the use of MB and PIC (MB:PIC). These chemicals were applied at several doses with different application methods under plastic films. Crown and root disease incidence was calculated as the percentage of plants with symptoms caused by soil‐borne pathogens. Soil fungal populations were estimated as colony forming units per gram of dry soil.

中文翻译：

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一项长期研究，化学替代甲基溴对西班牙草莓苗圃中土传疾病的发生率和真菌种群的影响。

在西班牙草莓苗圃中，已将1,3-二氯丙烯和氯仿（DD：PIC），达唑麦特和间位钠（MS）的氯菊酯（PIC）混合物用作甲基溴（MB）的化学替代品，因为禁止将MB用作土壤这些化学替代品于2005年熏蒸。2003年至2017年间，将这些化学替代品应用于两个西班牙草莓苗圃的土壤中，与使用MB和PIC（MB：PIC）相比，测试了它们对主要冠，根病和土壤真菌种群的功效。这些化学药品在塑料薄膜下以不同的施用方法以几种剂量施用。冠状病害和根系病害发生率的计算方法是具有土壤传播病原体引起症状的植物百分比。土壤真菌种群估计为每克干燥土壤的菌落形成单位。