The social decisions that individuals make-who to interact with and how frequently-gives rise to social structure. The resulting social structure then determines how individuals interact with their surroundings-resources and risks, pathogens and predators, competitors and cooperators. However, despite intensive research on (i) how individuals make social decisions and (ii) how social structure shapes social processes (e.g. cooperation, competition and conflict), there are still few studies linking these two perspectives. These perspectives represent two halves of a feedback loop: individual behaviour scales up to define the social environment, and this environment, in turn, feeds back by shaping the selective agents that drive individual behaviour. We first review well-established research areas that have captured both elements of this feedback loop-host-pathogen dynamics and cultural transmission. We then highlight areas where social structure is well studied but the two perspectives remain largely disconnected. Finally, we synthesise existing research on 14 distinct research topics to identify new prospects where the interplay between social structure and social processes are likely to be important but remain largely unexplored. Our review shows that the inherent links between individuals' traits, their social decisions, social structure, and social evolution, warrant more consideration. By mapping the existing and missing connections among many research areas, our review highlights where explicitly considering social structure and the individual-to-society feedbacks can reveal new dimensions to old questions in ecology and evolution.

中文翻译：

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个体对社会反馈在动物生态学和进化中的重要性

个人做出的社会决定——与谁互动以及互动的频率——引起了社会结构。由此产生的社会结构决定了个人如何与周围环境相互作用——资源和风险、病原体和捕食者、竞争者和合作者。然而，尽管对 (i) 个人如何做出社会决策和 (ii) 社会结构如何塑造社会过程（例如合作、竞争和冲突）进行了深入研究，但仍然很少有研究将这两种观点联系起来。这些观点代表了反馈循环的两半：个人行为扩大以定义社会环境，而该环境反过来通过塑造驱动个人行为的选择性代理进行反馈。我们首先回顾了成熟的研究领域，这些领域已经捕获了这种反馈回路 - 宿主 - 病原体动态和文化传播的两个要素。然后，我们强调对社会结构进行了充分研究的领域，但这两种观点在很大程度上仍然脱节。最后，我们综合了关于 14 个不同研究主题的现有研究，以确定社会结构和社会过程之间的相互作用可能很重要但在很大程度上仍未得到探索的新前景。我们的审查表明，个人特征、他们的社会决策、社会结构和社会进化之间的内在联系值得更多考虑。通过绘制许多研究领域之间现有和缺失的联系，