A current fossil resources-based world economy is in translation to a sustainable, bio-based model which requires a replacement of non-renewable resources with the renewable ones. The lignocellulosic biomass, due to its abundance and availability around the globe is one of the most important renewable sources of carbon on Earth. Here we discuss recent discoveries and studies of the molecular mechanisms of the enzymes used in lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis, valorization and transformation into biofuels and sustainable materials. Special attention is given to progress in enzymatic hydrolysis of recalcitrant plant polysaccharides by glycoside hydrolases and their oxidation by lytic polysaccharide monooxigenases (LPMOs) as well as to application of those enzymes for the production of nanoparticles and nanomaterials.

当前基于化石资源的世界经济正在转变为一种可持续的，基于生物的模式，该模式要求用可再生资源替代不可再生资源。木质纤维素生物质，由于其在全球范围内的丰富性和可用性，是地球上最重要的可再生碳源之一。在这里，我们讨论了木质纤维素生物质水解，增值和转化为生物燃料和可持续材料中所用酶的分子机理的最新发现和研究。特别注意的是糖苷水解酶在酶促水解顽固植物多糖和通过溶解性多糖单氧合酶（LPMO）氧化它们方面的进展，以及这些酶在生产纳米颗粒和纳米材料中的应用。