Background

Anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal acute allergic reaction. Its overall prevalence appears to be rising, but little is known about US hospitalization trends among infants and toddlers.

Objective

To identify the trends and predictors of hospitalization for anaphylaxis among infants and toddlers.

Methods

We used the nationally representative National Inpatient Sample (NIS), from 2006 to 2015, to perform an analysis of trends in US hospitalizations for anaphylaxis among infants and toddlers (age, <3 years) and other children (age, 3-18 years). For internal consistency, we identified patients with anaphylaxis by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code and excluded those with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (late 2015). We calculated trends in anaphylaxis hospitalizations over time by age group and then used multivariable logistic regression to describe anaphylaxis hospitalizations among infants and toddlers.

Results

Among infants and toddlers, there was no significant change in anaphylaxis hospitalizations during the 10-year study period (P_trend = .14). Anaphylaxis hospitalization among infants and toddlers was more likely in males, with private insurance, in the highest income quartile, with chronic pulmonary disease, who presented on a weekend day, to an urban teaching hospital, located in the Northeast. In contrast, anaphylaxis hospitalizations among older children (age, 3-<18 years) rose significantly during the study (P_trend < .001).

Conclusion

Anaphylaxis hospitalizations among infants and toddlers in the United States were stable from 2006 to 2015, whereas hospitalizations among older children were rising. Future research should focus on the trends in disease prevalence and health care utilization in the understudied population of infants and toddlers.

中文翻译：

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美国因婴幼儿过敏反应住院的趋势

背景

过敏反应是一种可能致命的急性过敏反应。其总体患病率似乎正在上升，但对美国婴幼儿住院趋势知之甚少。

客观的

确定婴幼儿过敏反应住院的趋势和预测因素。

方法

我们使用具有全国代表性的全国住院患者样本 (NIS)，从 2006 年到 2015 年，对美国婴幼儿（<3 岁）和其他儿童（3-18 岁）因过敏反应住院的趋势进行分析. 为了内部一致性，我们根据国际疾病分类第九版临床修订版诊断代码识别过敏反应患者，并排除国际疾病分类第十版临床修订版（2015 年末）的患者。我们按年龄组计算了过敏反应住院率随时间变化的趋势，然后使用多变量逻辑回归来描述婴儿和幼儿的过敏反应住院率。

结果

在 10 年研究期间，婴幼儿的过敏反应住院率没有显着变化（P_趋势 = .14）。婴儿和学步儿童的过敏性反应住院更可能发生在男性中，他们有私人保险，收入最高的四分之一，患有慢性肺病，他们在周末到位于东北部的一家城市教学医院就诊。相比之下，在研究期间，年龄较大的儿童（年龄，3-<18 岁）的过敏反应住院率显着上升（P_趋势< .001）。

结论

从 2006 年到 2015 年，美国婴幼儿过敏性反应住院率保持稳定，而年龄较大儿童的住院率则呈上升趋势。未来的研究应侧重于未充分研究的婴幼儿人群中疾病流行和医疗保健利用的趋势。