Due to limitations of conventional energy sources like petrol, diesel, hydro, nuclear etc., hybridization of green energy sources like photovoltaic cell, wind, fuel cell etc. has become a challenging task. In this research photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cells (FC) have been considered as primary sources of energy while battery as a storage unit for a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS). Extraction of maximum power from PV panel and output voltage regulation is another challenge due to its nonlinear characteristics. In this paper, single stage multi input multi output (MIMO) buck converter has been considered and four controllers: Fuzzy Logic Based (FLB) robust, nonlinear Backstepping (BS), Integral Backstepping (IBS) and Synergetic controllers have been proposed to track the output voltage, to control the battery charging and to extract maximum power from the PV cell. Asymptotic stability of the proposed controllers has been proved using Lyapunov theory. The performance of nonlinear controllers has been checked under input power and load variations on the converter having only one inductor and two input sources. They have been compared with each other and conventional PID controller under different operating conditions by simulations in MATLAB/Simulink. The results have also been validated by an experimental setup on a lab prototype.

由于常规能源如汽油，柴油，水力，核能等的局限性，绿色能源如光伏电池，风能，燃料电池等的混合已成为一项艰巨的任务。在这项研究中，光伏（PV）和燃料电池（FC）被视为主要能源，而电池则被视为混合能源存储系统（HESS）的存储单元。由于其非线性特性，从光伏面板中提取最大功率和调节输出电压是另一个挑战。在本文中，已经考虑了单级多输入多输出（MIMO）降压转换器，并提出了四种控制器：基于模糊逻辑（FLB）的鲁棒性，非线性Backstepping（BS），积分Backstepping（IBS）和Synergetic控制器来跟踪。输出电压，控制电池充电并从PV电池中提取最大功率。利用李雅普诺夫理论证明了所提出控制器的渐近稳定性。在只有一个电感器和两个输入源的转换器上，在输入功率和负载变化下检查了非线性控制器的性能。通过在MATLAB / Simulink中进行仿真，已将它们与不同操作条件下的常规PID控制器进行了比较。通过实验室原型上的实验设置也验证了结果。通过在MATLAB / Simulink中进行仿真，已将它们与不同操作条件下的常规PID控制器进行了比较。通过实验室原型上的实验设置也验证了结果。通过在MATLAB / Simulink中进行仿真，已将它们与不同操作条件下的常规PID控制器进行了比较。通过实验室原型上的实验设置也验证了结果。