Oleaginous yeasts have stood out due to their ability to accumulate oil, which can be used for fatty acid-derived biofuel production. Papiliotrema laurentii UFV-1 is capable of starting the lipid accumulation in the late exponential growth phase and achieves maximum lipid content at 48 h of growth; it is, therefore, interesting to study how its oleaginous phenotype is regulated. Herein, we provide for the first time insights into the regulation of this phenotype in P. laurentii UFV-1. We sequenced and assembled its genome, performed comparative genomic analyses and investigated its phylogenetic relationships with other yeasts. Gene expression and metabolomic analyses were carried out on the P. laurentii UFV-1 cultivated under a nitrogen-limiting condition. Our results indicated that the lipogenesis of P. laurentii might have taken place during evolution after the divergence of genera in the phylum Basidiomycota. Metabolomic data indicated the redirection of the carbon flux towards fatty acid synthesis in response to the nitrogen limitation. Furthermore, purine seems to be catabolized to recycle nitrogen and leucine catabolization may provide acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis. Analyses of the expression of genes encoding certain enzymes involved with the oleaginous phenotype indicated that the NADP⁺-dependent malic enzyme seems to play an important role in the supply of NADPH for fatty acid synthesis. There was a surprising decrease in the expression of the ACC1 gene, which encodes acetyl-CoA carboxylase, during lipid accumulation. Taken together, our results provided a basis for understanding lipid accumulation in P. laurentii under nitrogen limiting conditions.

含油酵母因其积累油的能力而脱颖而出，可用于生产脂肪酸衍生的生物燃料。Papiliotrema laurentii UFV-1 能够在指数生长期后期开始脂质积累，并在生长 48 小时达到最大脂质含量；因此，研究其产油表型是如何调节的很有趣。在此，我们首次提供了对P. laurentii UFV-1中这种表型调节的见解。我们对其基因组进行了测序和组装，进行了比较基因组分析并研究了其与其他酵母的系统发育关系。对P. laurentii进行基因表达和代谢组学分析UFV-1 在氮限制条件下培养。我们的结果表明，P. laurentii的脂肪生成可能发生在担子菌门属分化后的进化过程中。代谢组学数据表明碳通量重新定向到脂肪酸合成以响应氮限制。此外，嘌呤似乎被分解代谢为循环氮和亮氨酸分解代谢可以为脂肪酸合成提供乙酰辅酶 A。对编码与产油表型相关的某些酶的基因表达的分析表明，NADP ⁺依赖性苹果酸酶似乎在脂肪酸合成的 NADPH 供应中发挥重要作用。ACC1的表达出人意料地下降在脂质积累过程中编码乙酰辅酶A羧化酶的基因。总之，我们的结果为理解在氮限制条件下P. laurentii 中的脂质积累提供了基础。