3D-printed (3DP) analogs of natural rocks have been used in laboratory tests concerning geomechanical and transport properties. Rock analogs manufactured by 3D printing can be used to manufacture batch of the samples with specified heterogeneity compared to natural rocks. Rock analogs were manufactured with silica sand (SS) and gypsum powder (GP) using binder jetting as well as with coated silica beads (CSB) using selective laser curing. The uniaxial and triaxial compressive tests were conducted to investigate the strength and deformation characteristics of 3DP rocks that were quantitatively compared with natural rocks. CSB and SS specimens experienced tensile failure, while the GP specimen has shown shear failure and shear-expansion behavior. The microstructural characteristics (e.g. grain shape, pore type, and bonding form) of the SS specimen were similar to a natural sandstone (Berea sandstone reported in the literature) with a relatively loose texture. In addition, 3DP rocks were more permeable than Berea sandstone (permeability of SS, CSB, and Berea sandstone was 12580.5 mD, 9840.5 mD, and 3950 mD, respectively). The effect of microscopic mechanical behavior on macroscopic strength and failure characteristics was investigated using scanning electronic microscopy. CSB and SS specimens could be suitable to simulate the transport behavior of the highly permeable sedimentary rocks. The GP specimen could be used to study the large deformation characteristics and creep failure mode of highly stressed soft rocks. Despite the early stage of 3DP rock analog studies, the potential applications could be expanded by controlling the physical properties (e.g. wettability and surface roughness).

中文翻译：

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3D 打印岩石类似物的力学行为、微观结构和传输特性的综合实验研究

天然岩石的 3D 打印 (3DP) 类似物已用于有关地质力学和传输特性的实验室测试。与天然岩石相比，通过 3D 打印制造的岩石类似物可用于制造具有特定异质性的批次样品。岩石类似物是用硅砂 (SS) 和石膏粉 (GP) 使用粘合剂喷射制造的，以及使用选择性激光固化使用涂层二氧化硅珠 (CSB) 制造的。进行了单轴和三轴压缩试验，研究了 3DP 岩石的强度和变形特性，并与天然岩石进行了定量比较。CSB 和 SS 试样经历了拉伸破坏，而 GP 试样表现出剪切破坏和剪切膨胀行为。微观结构特征（例如晶粒形状、孔隙类型、SS 试样的粘结形式）与天然砂岩（文献报道的 Berea 砂岩）相似，质地较松散。此外，3DP 岩石的渗透率高于 Berea 砂岩（SS、CSB 和 Berea 砂岩的渗透率分别为 12580.5 mD、9840.5 mD 和 3950 mD）。使用扫描电子显微镜研究微观力学行为对宏观强度和破坏特性的影响。CSB 和 SS 试样可适用于模拟高渗透沉积岩的输运行为。GP试件可用于研究高应力软岩的大变形特征和蠕变破坏模式。尽管 3DP 岩石模拟研究处于早期阶段，但可以通过控制物理特性（例如