Beam-based additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic components is characterized by extreme process conditions. The component forms in a line-by-line and layer-by-layer process over many hours. Locally, the microstructure evolves by rapid and directional solidification. Modeling and simulation is important to generate a better understanding of the resultant microstructure. Based on this knowledge, the AM process strategy can be adapted to adjust specific microstructures and in this way different mechanical properties. In this review, we explain the basic concepts behind different modeling approaches applied to simulate AM microstructure evolution of metals. After a critical discussion on the range of applicability and the predictive power of each model, we finally identify future tasks.

金属零件的基于波束的增材制造（AM）具有极端的工艺条件。该组件在多个小时内以逐行和逐层的过程形成。在局部，微观结构通过快速定向凝固而发展。建模和仿真对于更好地理解最终的微观结构很重要。基于此知识，AM工艺策略可以调整特定的微结构，并以此方式调整不同的机械性能。在这篇综述中，我们解释了用于模拟金属AM微观结构演变的不同建模方法背后的基本概念。在对每种模型的适用范围和预测能力进行严格讨论之后，我们最终确定了未来的任务。