Composites are experiencing a new era. The spatial resolution at which is to date possible to build up complex architectured microstructures through additive manufacturing-based and sintering of powder metals 3D printing techniques, as well as the recent improvements in both filament winding and automated fiber deposition processes, are opening new unforeseeable scenarios for applying optimization strategies to the design of high-performance structures and metamaterials that could previously be only theoretically conceived. Motivated by these new possibilities, the present work, by combining computational methods, analytical approaches and experimental analysis, shows how finite element Design Optimization algorithms can be ad hoc rewritten by identifying as design variables the orientation of the reinforcing fibers in each ply of a layered structure for redesigning fiber-reinforced composites exhibiting at the same time high stiffness and toughening, two features generally in competition each other. To highlight the flexibility and the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, after a brief recalling of the essential theoretical remarks and the implemented procedure, selected example applications are finally illustrated on laminated plates under different boundary conditions, cylindrical layered shells with varying curvature subjected to point loads and composite tubes made of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers, recently employed as structural components in advanced aerospace engineering applications.

中文翻译：

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通过设计优化在复合材料层压板中的堆叠顺序

复合材料正在经历一个新时代。迄今为止，通过基于增材制造和烧结粉末金属 3D 打印技术可以构建复杂结构微结构的空间分辨率，以及最近在长丝缠绕和自动纤维沉积工艺方面的改进，正在开辟新的不可预见的场景将优化策略应用于高性能结构和超材料的设计，而这些设计以前只能在理论上进行。受这些新可能性的推动，目前的工作通过结合计算方法、分析方法和实验分析，展示了如何通过将层状结构每层中增强纤维的方向识别为设计变量来临时重写有限元设计优化算法，以重新设计同时具有高刚度和韧性的纤维增强复合材料，这两个特征通常在互相竞争。为了突出所提出策略的灵活性和有效性，在简要回顾基本理论评论和实施程序后，最终在不同边界条件下的层压板上说明了选定的示例应用，在点载荷作用下具有不同曲率的圆柱形分层壳和由碳纤维增强聚合物制成的复合管，最近在先进的航空航天工程应用中用作结构部件。