Four-wheel-drive (4WD) full-electric powertrains offer great potential for vehicle performance and efficiency improvements. This study introduces a novel 4WD electric powertrain that significantly increases the overall powertrain performance and battery lifespan. The proposed powertrain benefits from a new compact and highly efficient flywheel-based kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) that enables us to overcome most of the shortcomings of the conventional battery-based KERS. The utilized KERS is capable of capturing or providing much higher mechanical power than its electrical power ratings. Meaning that, without overloading, the powertrain can capture more mechanical power than traction motors’ nominal values. Moreover, since a significant part of the energy exchange takes place in mechanical form, only a portion of the initial kinetic energy (slip energy) needs to be converted into electrical form and be processed electrically. In the proposed powertrain, there is no energy exchange necessary between the battery and the powertrain during each accelerations or braking event, thus also reducing the battery power rating. Mathematical modeling and simulations were performed using space vector modeling method for the proposed powertrain. The results prove the functionality of the proposed 4WD powertrain. Experimental results are also presented for the proof of the concept.

中文翻译：

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带飞轮动能回收的高性能 4WD 电动动力总成

四轮驱动 (4WD) 全电动动力系统为提高车辆性能和效率提供了巨大潜力。本研究介绍了一种新型 4WD 电动动力总成，可显着提高整体动力总成性能和电池寿命。所提出的动力系统受益于新型紧凑且高效的基于飞轮的动能回收系统 (KERS)，该系统使我们能够克服传统基于电池的 KERS 的大部分缺点。所使用的 KERS 能够捕获或提供比其额定电功率高得多的机械功率。这意味着，在不过载的情况下，动力系统可以捕获比牵引电机标称值更多的机械功率。此外，由于能量交换的很大一部分是以机械形式发生的，只有一部分初始动能（滑移能）需要转化为电形式并进行电处理。在提议的动力系统中，在每次加速或制动事件期间，电池和动力系统之间不需要能量交换，因此也降低了电池额定功率。使用空间矢量建模方法对所提出的动力总成进行数学建模和仿真。结果证明了所提议的 4WD 动力系统的功能。实验结果也用于证明该概念。从而也降低了电池额定功率。使用空间矢量建模方法对所提出的动力总成进行数学建模和仿真。结果证明了所提议的 4WD 动力系统的功能。实验结果也用于证明该概念。从而也降低了电池额定功率。使用空间矢量建模方法对所提出的动力总成进行数学建模和仿真。结果证明了所提议的 4WD 动力系统的功能。实验结果也用于证明该概念。