Often, a student comes in excited by a revolutionary idea. When this happens, we invite the student to check the literature carefully and, moreover, to extend the search way back, for more than a century, in fact. For example, encouraged by Albert Einstein, Edward H. Synge introduced the concept of a near-field scanning microscope in the 1928 paper "A Suggested Method for Extending Microscopic Resolution Into the Ultramicroscopic Region" [1]. He claimed to have overcome the "...axiom in microscopy, that the only way to extend resolving power lies in the employment of light of smaller wavelength." For subwavelength resolution of a biological sample, Synge proposed to place an opaque screen with a 10-nm diameter pinhole within 10 nm of the sample (Figure 1). Light passing through the pinhole and the sample is focused on a photodetector. By moving the screen laterally in 10-nm steps, the sample is imaged with 10-nm resolution, regardless of the wavelength of the light. Later, what he proposed became known as a scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM).

中文翻译：

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用于生物应用的扫描微波显微镜：介绍最新技术和倒置 SMM

通常，学生会因一个革命性的想法而兴奋不已。当这种情况发生时，我们邀请学生仔细检查文献，而且，事实上，将搜索的方式延长到一个多世纪。例如，在阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的鼓励下，Edward H. Synge 在 1928 年的论文“将显微分辨率扩展到超显微区域的建议方法”[1] 中介绍了近场扫描显微镜的概念。他声称已经克服了“......显微镜中的公理，扩展分辨率的唯一方法在于使用更短波长的光。” 对于生物样品的亚波长分辨率，Synge 建议在样品的 10 nm 范围内放置一个具有 10 nm 直径针孔的不透明屏幕（图 1）。穿过针孔和样品的光聚焦在光电探测器上。通过以 10 纳米的步长横向移动屏幕，无论光的波长如何，样品都能以 10 纳米的分辨率成像。后来，他提出的方案被称为扫描近场光学显微镜（SNOM）。