Cloud computing is widely used for its powerful and accessible computing and storage capacity. However, with the development trend of Internet of Things (IoTs), the distance between cloud and terminal devices can no longer meet the new requirements of low latency and real-time interaction of IoTs. Fog has been proposed as a complement to the cloud which moves servers to the edge of the network, making it possible to process service requests of terminal devices locally. Despite the fact that fog computing solves many obstacles for the development of IoT, there are still many problems to be solved for its immature technology. In this paper, the concepts and characteristics of cloud and fog computing are introduced, followed by the comparison and collaboration between them. We summarize main challenges IoT faces in new application requirements (e.g., low latency, network bandwidth constraints, resource constraints of devices, stability of service, and security) and analyze fog-based solutions. The remaining challenges and research directions of fog after integrating into IoT system are discussed. In addition, the key role that fog computing based on 5G may play in the field of intelligent driving and tactile robots is prospected.

中文翻译：

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协同云雾环境下物联网应用技术与方法综述

云计算因其强大且可访问的计算和存储能力而被广泛使用。然而，随着物联网（IoT）的发展趋势，云与终端设备之间的距离不再能够满足低延迟和物联网实时交互的新要求。提出了雾作为对云的补充，云将服务器移动到网络的边缘，从而有可能在本地处理终端设备的服务请求。尽管雾计算解决了物联网发展的许多障碍，但其不成熟的技术仍需要解决许多问题。本文介绍了云计算和雾计算的概念和特点，然后进行了比较和协作。我们总结了物联网在新应用需求方面面临的主要挑战（例如，低延迟，网络带宽限制，设备资源限制，服务稳定性和安全性）并分析基于雾的解决方案。讨论了集成到物联网系统后雾的剩余挑战和研究方向。此外，展望了基于5G的雾计算在智能驾驶和触觉机器人领域中可能扮演的关键角色。