In order to improve the performance and endurance of steel rings used for twisting and winding yarns in the textile industry, a more wear-resistant ceramic version is studied and examined by conducting multiple simulations combined with microwave sintering experiments of the ring preparation process, aiming to reduce manufacturing costs and improve efficiency. The three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic field simulation software HFSS is used to simulate the electromagnetic field distribution in the microwave sintering cavity and to determine the electromagnetic region with the most uniform electromagnetic field to guide the microwave sintering experiments. The 3Y-TZP ceramic rings are shaped by gel-casting. The effect of presintering on the performance of ceramic rings is investigated by applying conventional sintering and microwave sintering methods. The experimental results show that the simulation-guided microwave sintering process can resolve the deficiency of uneven microwave sintering at low temperatures. Comparing the final sintering temperatures and mechanical properties of the final ceramic-sintered rings obtained by microwave presintering to those obtained by conventional presintering, microwave presintered sample has a final temperature of 1400°C, which is 100°C lower than that of conventional presintering, which is 1500°C; its average grain size of 0.18 μm is dramatically smaller than that of conventional presintering, which is 0.24 μm, with about 80% of the grain sizes present in the range of 0.1-0.2 μm and a relative density of about 99%, as opposed to conventional presintering’s 70% falling between 0.2 and 0.3 μm and relative density of about 98%; the Vickers hardness and fracture toughness for microwave presintered sample reach 1550 kg·f·mm⁻² and 9.05 MPa m^1/2, respectively, which are both greater than 1431 kg·f·mm⁻² and 8.86 MPa m^1/2 in the conventional samples.

中文翻译：

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模拟微波预烧结工艺对纯陶瓷环的制备和最终性能的影响：较低的烧结温度和较高的机械性能

为了提高在纺织工业中用于加捻和缠绕纱线的钢环的性能和耐用性，通过进行多次模拟并结合环制备过程的微波烧结实验，研究和检验了一种更耐磨的陶瓷版本。降低制造成本并提高效率。三维（3D）电磁场仿真软件HFSS用于模拟微波烧结腔中的电磁场分布，并确定电磁场最均匀的电磁区域，以指导微波烧结实验。3Y-TZP陶瓷环通过凝胶铸造成型。通过应用常规烧结和微波烧结方法研究了预烧结对陶瓷环性能的影响。实验结果表明，模拟指导的微波烧结工艺可以解决低温下微波不均匀烧结的不足。将通过微波预烧结获得的最终陶瓷烧结环的最终烧结温度和机械性能与通过常规预烧结获得的最终烧结温度和机械性能进行比较，微波预烧结样品的最终温度为1400°C，比常规预烧结的温度低100°C， 1500°C; 平均晶粒度为0.18 将通过微波预烧结获得的最终陶瓷烧结环的最终烧结温度和机械性能与通过常规预烧结获得的最终烧结温度和机械性能进行比较，微波预烧结样品的最终温度为1400°C，比常规预烧结的温度低100°C， 1500°C; 平均晶粒度为0.18 将通过微波预烧结获得的最终陶瓷烧结环的最终烧结温度和机械性能与通过常规预烧结获得的最终烧结温度和机械性能进行比较，微波预烧结样品的最终温度为1400°C，比常规预烧结的温度低100°C， 1500°C; 平均晶粒度为0.18 μ m是比常规预烧结，这是0.24的显着较小的 μ米，与晶粒的约80％存在的纸型在0.1-0.2的范围内 μ m和的约99％的相对密度，相对于常规的预烧结的70 ％0.2和0.3之间落下 μ m和的约98％的相对密度; 微波预烧结样品的维氏硬度和断裂韧性分别达到1550 kg·f·mm ^-2和9.05 MPa m ^1/2，均大于1431 kg·f·mm ^-2和8.86 MPa m ^1/2 in常规样品。