The catalytic behavior for 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (5-EMF) formation was systematically studied via facile conversion of sucrose under a sustainable ultrasonic-biphasic system using an active ZnO nanofiber-deposited-SO₃H-carbon catalyst (Zn-S-C). Interestingly, 5-EMF with a high yield could be easily obtained and separated from ethanol/tetrahydrofuran (THF) via green synthesis-extraction procedures in the presence of NaCl. Meanwhile, an actual 5-EMF yield of 93.5 ± 0.8% was successfully achieved at 98 °C for 47 min using a THF amount (0.25 mol) and catalyst adding amount (77.8 wt %) over the combination of 2^k factorial and Box–Behnken designs. The product selectivity and yield from sucrose conversion were systematically controlled by adjusting type/amount of catalyst, co-solvents or inorganic salts, and ultrasonic system. The activation energy (38.17 kJ/mol) obtained from ultrasound-assisted conversion of sucrose into 5-EMF was lower than that from the conventional system. Strikingly, a nonsignificant decrease in the turnover rate (TOR, min^–1) for conversion of sucrose into 5-EMF appeared when the catalyst was reused up to 100 cycles, indicating long-life cycle stability of the as-prepared catalyst.

中文翻译：

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可持续长寿命周期下糖催化转化的简便原位5-EMF合成和提取工艺

通过使用活性ZnO纳米纤维沉积的SO ₃ H-碳催化剂（Zn-SC）在可持续的超声双相系统下，通过蔗糖的轻松转化，系统地研究了5-乙氧基甲基糠醛（5-EMF）形成的催化行为。有趣的是，可以很容易地获得高产率的5-EMF，并在绿色氯化钠存在下，通过绿色合成萃取程序将其与乙醇/四氢呋喃（THF）分离。同时，在2 ^k的组合下，使用THF量（0.25 mol）和催化剂添加量（77.8 wt％）在98°C下成功地完成了47分钟的5-EMF实际收率93.5±0.8％。阶乘和Box–Behnken设计。通过调节催化剂，助溶剂或无机盐的类型/用量和超声系统，可以系统地控制蔗糖转化的产物选择性和产率。通过超声辅助将蔗糖转化为5-EMF所获得的活化能（38.17 kJ / mol）低于常规系统。令人惊讶的是，当将催化剂重新使用至100个循环时，蔗糖转化为5-EMF的周转率（TOR，min ^–1）的降低没有显着降低，表明所制备催化剂的长寿命循环稳定性。