Electrochemical in situ hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) generation from a two-electron water oxidation reaction (2e-WOR) is a challenge, not only on catalyst selection but also on electrode making. Herein, the H₂O₂ electrocatalyst CaSnO₃ nanoparticles were prepared by low-cost glucose as an agent and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The active sites for the OH^– adsorption on the surface CaSnO₃ (121) was identified by density functional theory (DFT) calculation, and the corresponding reaction mechanism of H₂O₂ formation was proposed. The CaSnO₃ nanoparticles can be formed from 650 to 850 °C, and the particle sizes are in the range of 27.2–37.3 nm. The mechanism of catalyst formation is that species of Ca and Sn reacted with oxygen to generate CaO and SnO₂ during low-temperature calcination and CaSnO₃ generated during high-temperature calcination. The active sites are the coordination-unsaturated Sn ions, which easily adsorb the negative-charge OH^– from the solution, forming an OH* intermediate, and two adsorbed OH* can combine to generate a neutral H₂O₂ molecule. The H₂O₂ generation rate over CaSnO₃ was calcinated at 850 °C is 347.7 μmol·min^–1·g^–1 at 2.6 V versus Ag/AgCl under dark conditions. The work opens an in situ H₂O₂ generation route, direct water oxidation, with wide application prospects.

中文翻译：

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有效的过氧化氢（H ₂ ö ₂）由合成CASNO ₃经由二-电子水氧化反应

由两电子水氧化反应（2e-WOR）产生的电化学原位过氧化氢（H ₂ O ₂）不仅对催化剂的选择而且对电极的制造都是一个挑战。本文以低成本葡萄糖为试剂制备了H ₂ O ₂电催化剂CaSnO ₃纳米粒子，并通过X射线衍射（XRD），热重和差示扫描量热法（TG-DSC），傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT- IR），扫描电子显微镜（SEM），透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）。OH的活性位点^-在表面CaSnO ₃上的吸附通过密度泛函理论（DFT）计算确定了（121），并提出了相应的H ₂ O ₂形成反应机理。CaSnO ₃纳米粒子可以在650至850°C的温度范围内形成，粒径范围为27.2–37.3 nm。催化剂形成的机理是，Ca和Sn的种类与氧反应在低温煅烧期间生成CaO和SnO _2，在高温煅烧期间生成CaSnO ₃。活性位点是配位不饱和的Sn离子，容易吸附负电荷的OH ^-从所述溶液中，形成OH *中间，和两个吸附OH *可以结合以产生中性ħ ₂O ₂分子。相对于Ag / AgCl在黑暗条件下，在2.6 V下于850°C煅烧的CaSnO _3上H ₂ O _2的生成速率为347.7μmol·min ^–1 ·g ^–1。这项工作开启了原位H ₂ O ₂生成途径，即直接水氧化，具有广阔的应用前景。