Purpose of review 

Hyperthyroidism is a commonly encountered clinical issue. Radioactive iodine is one of the treatment modalities employed over the last 80 years. Prior studies are conflicting as to whether radioactive iodine is associated with an increased risk of subsequent malignancy and associated mortality. The present article reviews recent publications on this subject.

Recent findings 

Two recent studies make meaningful contributions to the existing literature; however, data remain inconsistent. The first, conducted using the Clalit Health Services database, evaluated solid tumor incidence after radioactive iodine and found no association with increased risk of solid tumor malignancy. The second, which is an updated analysis of the Cooperative Thyrotoxicosis Therapy Follow-up Study, concluded that there is a dose-dependent increased risk of solid tumor mortality using a novel method of estimating organ-specific radiation exposure.

Summary 

In patients with hyperthyroidism, radioactive iodine is a popular and effective treatment option. Prior studies reach conflicting conclusions on the potential relationship between radioactive iodine and both subsequent cancer incidence and mortality. We review recent publications that add to our understanding of this important clinical question.

中文翻译：

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放射性碘治疗甲状腺功能亢进症后的癌症发生率和死亡率

审查目的 

甲状腺功能亢进是一个常见的临床问题。放射性碘是过去80年来采用的一种治疗方式。关于放射性碘是否与随后发生恶性肿瘤的风险增加和相关死亡率相关的先前研究存在冲突。本文回顾了有关此主题的最新出版物。

最近的发现 

最近的两项研究为现有文献做出了有意义的贡献。但是，数据仍然不一致。第一项使用Clalit Health Services数据库进行，评估了放射性碘后实体瘤的发病率，发现与实体瘤恶性肿瘤风险增加无关。第二个是对合作性甲状腺毒症治疗随访研究的更新分析，得出的结论是，使用一种新的估计器官特异性辐射暴露的方法，实体瘤死亡的风险呈剂量依赖性增加。

概要 

在甲亢患者中，放射性碘是一种流行且有效的治疗选择。先前的研究就放射性碘与后续癌症发病率和死亡率之间的潜在关系得出了矛盾的结论。我们回顾了最近的出版物，这些出版物增加了我们对这一重要临床问题的理解。